Jamestown, founded in 1607, is the first permanent English Colony in North America. , Plymouth was founded in 1620 for religious reasons.  , Thomas Hooker established self-government in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut., New England colonies had rocky soil and long winters. , Middle colonies fertile soil permitted large farming of wheat., Southern Colonies' fertile soil gave way to large-scale plantation farming.  , Tobacco, cotton, rice, and indigo were the cash crops of the Southern colonies. , French colonists engaged in a active fur trade with the Native Americans. , The Spanish established missions to convert Native Americans to Catholicism. , William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania to help the Quakers., Maryland was founded as a refuge for persecuted English Catholics. ,

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