Jamestown, founded in 1607, is the first permanent English Colony in North America., Plymouth was founded in 1620 for religious reasons., Thomas Hooker established self-government in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut., New England colonies had rocky soil and long winters., Middle colonies fertile soil permitted large farming of wheat., Southern Colonies' fertile soil gave way to large-scale plantation farming., Tobacco, cotton, rice, and indigo were the cash crops of the Southern colonies., French colonists engaged in a active fur trade with the Native Americans., The Spanish established missions to convert Native Americans to Catholicism., William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania to help the Quakers., Maryland was founded as a refuge for persecuted English Catholics.

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