16th century, Carlos I and Felipe II, Spain was a powerful kingdom, Monarchs has to fight Muslim Turks and Protestants, Capital city was established in Madrid, Felipe II colonised Portugal and Philipines, 17th century, Economic crisis, Portugal became independent from Spain, Many people emigrated to America, Period of bad crops, plagues and wars, Weak monarchs Who delegated their responsibilities to nobles, 18th century, War of Sucession, French Revolution, Absolutism as a form of government, Rousseau promoted ideas of equality and liberty, People wanted to end the inequality

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