1) Many cultures mark the change in status from childhood to adulthood with a ritual of some kind, known as a _________. a) biological youth b) hormonal changes  c) laws d) rite of passage e) accepted behaviour  f) normative behaviour  2) Functionalists claim that people need to feel part of society in order to _______. a) function b) belong c) live d) breath e) exist f) relate 3) Functionalists claim that people need to feel part of society in order to belong. They call this ________. a) appropriate b) conflict c) consensus d) behaviour e) acceptance f) integration 4) Functionalists argue that without integration, society will break down, and social breakdown is known as ‘_______’. a) devaluation b) consensus c) conflict d) alienation e) anomie f) despair 5) ________ (1954) argues that young people try to detach themselves from their parents and achieve their own independent sense of integration to wider society. a) Parsons b) Eisenstadt c) Gramsci d) Marx e) Oakley f) Sharpe 6) Parsons argues youth culture provides a _______ between childhood and adulthood and is a ‘rite of passage’ that all young people go through. a) direction b) pathway c) tunnel d) road e) bridge f) street 7) Parsons argues that youth cultures are just a passing _______ in life. a) time b) wind c) juncture d) phase e) space f) crossroads 8) Parsons argues that youth culture is a gentle way for young people to integrate fully into their _______ life. a) teenage b) adult c) societies d) community e) group f) punk 9) _________ (1956) argues that youth is a time of stress and anxiety caused by the changing norms of becoming an adult. a) Parsons b) Eisenstadt c) Marx d) Gramsci e) Cohen f) Hall 10) Eisenstadt argues young people had to rely on each other so youth culture provides an outlet for ________ and it binds young people together. a) tensions b) rage c) rebellion d) anger e) violence f) revolution 11) Functionalist argue most young people genuinely are quite _________ and do not want to overthrow society. a) happy b) terrible c) annoying d) abnormal e) normal f) conformist 12) Feminists such as _______ have pointed out that family life is not ideal as Parsons would suggest. Youth cultures should not be underestimated or seen as ‘just a phase’. a) Sharpe b) Hey c) Greer d) Oakley e) Gramsci f) Hall 13) _________ such as Sharpe and Hey argue that the role of gender in youth groups is ignored by functionalists. a) Feminists b) Marxists c) Interactionists d) New Right e) Postmodernists f) Functionalists 14) Criticism of functionalism: ________, for example, can be seen as a direct response to American involvement in the Vietnam War. a) Punks b) Goths c) Emos d) Hippies e) Skinheads f) Rasta 15) Criticism of functionalism: _______ was a response to high unemployment and the decline of industrial areas in 1980s Britain. a) Punk b) Goth c) Emo d) Hippy e) Skinhead f) Rasta 16) Criticism of functionalism: Marxist argue that ________ is a key dynamic in the development of youth cultures a) ethnicity b) social class c) gender d) age e) nationality f) status 17) Functionalism tends to describe the culture of middle-class white ________ and claim that it is both normal and correct for all societies. a) Germany b) America c) United Kingdom d) Australia e) Austria f) France 18) ________ (1970) referred to a generation gap whereby the values, interests and needs of each generation are different and more important than issues of race, class and gender. a) Roszak b) Parsons c) Eisenstadt d) Durkheim e) Malinowski f) Gramsci 19) For functionalists, youth culture is also a way of testing ________ and reinforcing acceptable norms and values, and thus will ultimately contribute to social order. a) boundaries b) youth c) status d) identity e) social class f) gender roles 20) Criticism of functionalism: Feminists point out that functionalists are _________ and ignore the role of women in subcultures. a) malestream b) right wing c) left wing d) conservative e) liberal f) wrong

Functionalist theories of youth culture

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