• The total number of spoken and signed languages in the world is about 7,000., 7000, 10,000, Natural processes of _____ affect all languages over time, and linguistic change is not linguistic decay., linguistic decay, linguistic change, A _____ is primarily a system of arbitrary signs, but some linguisticsigns are representational., human language, animal language, _____ is a system of elements and patterns that organizes linguistic experience, grammar, vocabulary, _____ of human language systems are arbitrariness, discreteness, duality, displacement, and recursion/productivity., Ten hallmarks, Five hallmarks, A ______ is better viewed as a triangle whose faces are meaning and expression and whose base is context., system, language system, _____ can operate in three modes: speaking, writing, and signing., linguistic communication, communication, Everyone speaks a dialect, and _____ do not exist independently of their dialects, dialects, languages, Chimpanzees do not have a suitable_____ for speaking but in very limited ways are capable of joining several signs in meaningful strings., vocal apparatus, vocal cords, Large bodies of machine-readable texts called _____ are used to explore natural language use in all its contexts., lingua, corpora

Languages and Language Studies -Intro

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