formed when carbon dioxide is fixed to RuBP., Graph that shows the extent to which each wavelength of light is absorbed by a pigment, Graph that shows the ability of green plants to use light of different wavelengths for photosynthesis., allow absorption of a greater range of wavelengths of light to be absorbed and the energy to be passed to chlorophyll., formed by a group of individuals and used to increase their social status within the group., behaviour that harms the donor individual but benefits the recipient., Weeds with rapid growth, short life cycle, high seed output and long -term seed viability., Very low level of activity, carried out by subordinate animals to reduce conflict e.g. grooming, facial expression, body posture and sexual presentation., enzyme in the chloroplast membrane that is provided with energy from the electrons travelling along the electron transport chain to build up ATP from ADP and Pi., build-up of a chemical in an organism over time., control agent is a natural predator, pathogen or parasite of the pest., increase in the concentration of a chemical moving between trophic levels., loss of genetic variation in small populations resulting inability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, inbreeding and poor reproductive rates., carbohydrate (glucose) is produced through a series of metabolic pathways involving the enzyme RuBisCO., behaviour that benefits subordinate animals as well as dominant ones, as they may gain more food than by foraging alone, larger prey can be caught and less energy is used per individual., Individuals from different breeds are crossed to produce a new crossbreed population which produces F1 individuals which are relatively uniform, heterozygous and show increased vigour and yield., the number of distinct ecosystems within a defined area., Provision of sufficient quality and quantity of food for the human population, requires more land and is more labour intensive but can be sold at a higher price and animals have a better quality of life., used to treat fungal disease in plants based on disease forecasts., the number and frequency of all the alleles within a population., formed when 3PG is phosphorylated by ATP and hydrogen ions from NADPH bind., separation and degradation of habitat areas resulting in increased competition between species and reduced biodiversity., link habitat fragments to allow movement of animals between fragments, increasing access to food and choice of mate. This may lead to recolonisation of small fragments after local extinctions., very high level of activity, Selected related plants or animals are bred for several generations until the population breeds true to the desired type due to the elimination of heterozygotes., increase in the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for recessive deleterious alleles. These individuals will do less well at surviving to reproduce., systemic pesticide which spreads through the vascular system of plants and kills insects feeding on plants., Combination of chemical and biological control., often creates conditions of poor animal welfare but is often more cost effective, generating higher profit as costs are low., needed by some parasites to complete their life cycle, species humans have moved either intentionally or accidentally to new geographic locations., naturalised species that spread rapidly and eliminate native species, therefore reducing species diversity., altruistic behaviour between a donor and a recipient if they are related with the increased chances of survival of shared genes in the recipient’s offspring or future offspring., normal behaviour performed in an unusual situation and is a sign of poor animal welfare, systemic pesticide which spreads through the vascular system of plants and kills molluscs feeding on plants., Both partner species benefit in an interdependent relationship., Coenzyme involved in photosynthesis which bonds with the hydrogen ions released during photolysis to form NADPH., introduced species which have become established within wild communities., systemic pesticide which spreads through the vascular system of plants and kills nematodes feeding on plants., parasite benefits in terms of energy or nutrients, whereas its host is harmed by the loss of these resources., Weeds with competitive adaptations such as storage organs and vegetative reproduction., energy absorbed by the pigments is used to split water into oxygen, which is evolved, and hydrogen, which is transferred to the coenzyme NADP to become NADPH., behaviour harms the donor individual but benefits the recipient but the roles of donor and recipient later reverse, often occurs in social animals., method of transmission where a stage can survive out with a host., fixed to carbon dioxide using the enzyme RuBP., carried out by dominant individuals in a social hierarchy to reduce conflict., fixes carbon dioxide from the air by attaching it to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to form 3- phosphoglycerate, Herbicides which kill selected weeds only as have a greater effect on certain plant species (broad leaved weeds)., group adopts specialised formation when under attack protecting their young to increase the chance of survival or some individuals can watch for predators whilst others can forage for food., a rank order within a group of animals consisting of a dominant and subordinate members., the number of different species in an ecosystem (the species richness) and the proportion of each species in the ecosystem (the relative abundance)., the number of different species in an ecosystem., repetitive behaviour that is a sign of poor animal welfare, co-evolved intimate relationships between members of two different species., Herbicides which kill whole plants by spreading through the vascular system of the plant preventing regeneration., methods of transferring parasites between hosts., method of transmission where an invertebrate passes the parasite to a host..

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