We use third conditional 'if' sentences to talk about imaginary or hypothetical conditions and results in the past. For example, 'If I had stayed in England (____), I wouldn't have learned Spanish (____). The truth is that I didn't stay in England and I learned Spanish. The grammar for this tense is very complex. I will put the grammatical tenses in CAPITAL LETTERS. For example, If I HAD STAYED in England, I WOULDN'T HAVE LEARNED Spanish. Third conditional = If + PAST PERFECT (____) + WOULD + PRESENT PERFECT (____). We use it to talk about past regrets. For example, If we had ____ working on our project, it would have ____ a success. We can replace 'would' with a modal verb (could /might /may) to show past possibility. For example, 'If Mohamed Ali had ____ to war in Vietnam, he ____ have died.' We usually start with the condition part of the sentence and then the result. When we use this structure, we separate the condition and the result with a comma(,). For example, ____ I had ____ up earlier____ I wouldn't ____ my train.' We can reverse the sentence structure and put the result ____ and the condition ____. For example, 'I ____ have missed my train ____ I ____ up earlier.' As you can see, we don't use a comma if we reverse the structure of the sentence. We can turn both the condition and the result part of the sentence into negative verbs. For example, 'If I ____ the documentary about birds, I ____ so many amazing facts.' For questions we reverse the order of the subject and 'would'. For example, 'If you had gone to university, would you have studied History?' We can also reverse the condition and result order. For example, ____ ____ have studied History if you had gone to University?' We have many contractions here. The subject can join with 'had'. For example, I had = ____. You + had = ____. He + had = ____. She + had = ____. It + had = ____. We + had = ____. They + had = ____. Would + have = ____. Could + have = ____. Might + have = ____. For added drama, we can also invert 'had' with the subject. This looks like a question but it is still a statement. For example, ____ I focused on making money in my twenties, I wouldn't have traveled the world.' This adds ____ to the sentence. Now try these sentences. 'Jane didn't make it to the meeting. But ____ she ____, she ____ John.' ____ I ____ harder at school, I ____ to a better university. We hit traffic and arrived home late. But we ____ watched the game if ____ home earlier. If ____ stayed in Italy, she ____ Italian. ____ my friend ____ ____ me from falling down a mountain, I probably ____. ____ my friend ____ me, I probably ____. ____ ____ not gone to Mexico, you ____ ____ ____ so much about Mayan culture. ____ ____ have stayed in Venezuela if there ____ so many political problems? Where ____ ____ have studied ____ you ____ ____ ____ anywhere? Deborah ____ ____ married if he ____ rich! If my bike ____ ____ down, it ____ ____ ____ damaged. He ____ ____ with her ____ she ____ ____ on him We ____ ____ ____ if I ____ ____ to Colombia. ____ ____ known how expensive the food was in the restaurant, I ____ ____ ____ there. What ____ ____ have ____ if you ____ learned English?

'If' - Third Conditional

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