Francis Drake ordered hellburners to be sailed into the Armada. , English ships were "race-built" with no focsle. , The Spanish ships cut their anchors to escape the hellburners., Spanish sailors fired a single salvo every hour., English ships used the tactic of continuous firing., The Duke of Parma and the Spanish army were not waiting at Calais., South-westerly winds made the Spanish hulls more vulnerable to cannon fire., Medina-Sidonia did not want to lead the Spanish Armada., The battle started at 6am on August 8th 1588 and was eight hours long., The raid on Cadiz in 1587 delayed the Armada by a year., Medina-Sidonia ordered the Armada NOT to break the crescent formation., Spanish "ocean-going" ships were not used to the shallow waters of the English Channel., Some cannon balls did not fit the Spanish cannons. ,

The Battle of Gravelines (1588)

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