evolution, a gradual process of change and development, Natural Selection, the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change, adaptations, any heritable trait that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive and reproduce in its environment., Fitness, reproductive success and reflects how well an organism is adapted to its environment, Genetic Variation, the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population, Selective Pressure, external agents which affect an organism's ability to survive in a given environment, Artificial selection, the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations, Convergent evolution, occurs when species occupy similar ecological niches and adapt in similar ways in response to similar selective pressures, Analogous structures, features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure, Divergent Evolution, The process by which different organisms having common ancestors develop different traits or characteristics to adapt to the changing environmental conditions and needs, Genetic Drift, the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance, Migration/Gene Flow, any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another, Homologous Structures, those from organisms that share a common ancestor, Vestigial Structures, Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancesto, Phylogenetic tree, a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor, Derived character, a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants, Reproductive isolation, the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to genetic barriers or differences, Habitat isolation, occurs when habitat preferences lower the probability of mating between individuals associated with differing habitats, Temporal isolation, when two or more species reproduce at different times, Behavioral isolation, when species are reproductively isolated from others due to differences in behavior, Mechanical isolation, a physical incompatibility between reproductive organs of two organisms, Gametic isolation, occurs when the two organisms/species mate successfully but can not form a zygote, Hybrid inviability, a post-zygotic barrier, which reduces a hybrid's capacity to mature into a healthy, fit adult, Hybrid sterility, he inhibition or suppression of the reproductive, Hybrid breakdown, a direct result of hybrid unviability or hybrid sterility, Allopatric speciation, occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another, Sympatric speciation, occurs when there are no physical barriers preventing any members of a species from mating with another, Punctuated equilibrium, the idea that evolution occurs in spurts instead of following the slow, but steady path, Gradualism, depicts evolution occurring constantly and gradually in each generation of reproduction, Adaptive radiation, a rapid increase in the number of species with a common ancestor

Evolution- Keanu SHarum

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