Oppression: Rakosi was a hardline communist - controlled by Moscow, The AVH threated, intimated and instilled a culture of fear, Hungarian's wanted / valued greater freedom of speech, Listening to western music was an offence!, between 1948 and 1956 350,000 Hungarians were 'purged', Hungarian Culture and Identity (Nationalism): Hungarians valued their cultural identity and history, Russian was being imposed in Schools, Signposts were in Russian not Magyar, The Catholic religion was being suppressed, The Russification of Hungary was 'feared', Economic 'hardship': The USSR extracted wheat and livestock from Hungary, The Red Army was an economic drain, Food shortages were more becoming more frequent, Moscow 'dictated' Hungarian economic planning, Hungary had to pay war reparations to the USSR, Khrushchev's Secret speech: Was interpreted as an easing of communist control, Encouraged students to protest against Rakosi's regime, Hope that diplomacy not force would prevail, Created a freedom of debate and criticism, Reforms had been allowed in Poland - Optimism,

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