Key points The Industrial Revolution, which took place between ____ - 1900, was a period of great ____ in Britain. There were huge ____ advances which had an ____ on every aspect of life. These technological ____ were happening while the British ____ was growing. Not all of these changes were ____. Conditions in ____ and ____ mines in particular were dangerous and difficult. Manufacturing before the 1800s Most manufacturing of ____ took place in the ____. This was called the ____ system and was ____ intensive. Production was ____-scale and goods were normally sold in ____ markets. But Britain was also a leading European ____ producer. The textiles made in Britain were often sold in ____ or sent to ____ and the American colonies. From the mid-1700s onwards, ____ started to be developed to ____ up the ____ process and to produce on a ____ scale, also referred to as the ____ system. This period is known as the ____ Revolution. Technology In 1778, James ____ and Matthew ____ invented a steam engine that could efficiently ____ factory ____. Coal was burned to heat water to make ____. This led to a huge increase in the ____ for coal. ____ were opened near to supplies of ____ and coal so they could power their machinery. Coal mines were opened in the ____ of England, the ____ and south ____. But ____ in coal mines were ____. There was a risk of tunnels ____ and poisonous or explosive ____ in the mines. Steam-powered mills could produce more textiles ____, so factory owners could look to sell their products to a ____ market, both in Britain and ____. This prompted improvements in ____ Transport There were huge transport changes in the 1700s and 1800s. Roads: Before the 1700s roads were often ____ tracks, and ____ in bad weather in the winter. Horses and carts were used to ____ goods by road. From the 1700s, ____ Trusts had been set up and they set up ____ roads. They ____ people to use roads and made ____ with the money raised. John ____ invented tarmac in the 1820s which meant roads started to ____ and were easier to use in all ____. Canals: In 1759, the Duke of Bridgewater paid for a canal to be dug to bring ____ to his mills in ____. Canals were a way of transporting a ____ amount of goods at once using ____. Far more goods could be transported in one ____ on the canals than by road. Railways: The most significant transport development in the 1800s was the invention of the railway. In 1829, George ____ entered a competition to design a ____ engine. His design, named ‘the ____’, won the competition. He went on to design and build the ____-Manchester railway, which ____ journey times from ____ hours by road to just two hours by train. The development of the railway meant the ____ of transporting goods was ____ and easier, further adding to the ____ of factories.

Industrial Revolution (Year 9 Revision)

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