simile, a comparison using like or as, idiom, meaning different than that in a dictionary, dramatic irony, audience or readers know more than the character or subject, hyperbole, an extravagant exaggeration, verbal irony, the speaker says the opposite of his intended meaning, coherence, is a smooth movement from one idea to the next in a paragraph, unity, means that there is only one idea in a paragraph, situational irony, the opposite of the expected occurs, imagery, the use of pictures making words to create mental images, personification, an animal, object or idea is given human characteristics, onomatopoeia, sound word, alliteration, occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words

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