Evolution, Change in a kind of organism over time, Harmful Mutation, A mutation that decreases the fitness of the organism, Beneficial Mutation, Any change to the genetic code that results in noticeable physiological changes that are of benefit to the organism, Homologous Structure, structures that have different forms in different organisms but develop from the same general structure. Supports idea of common ancestor, Analogous Structure, Similar function but different structure, does not show common ancestry, Selective Breeding, Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms, Speciation, A process typically caused by the genetic isolation from a main population resulting in a new genetically distinct species, Natural Selection, A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits, Vesigial Structures, A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose, Survival of the Fittest, Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce the most successfully; also called natural selection, Adaptation, A characteristic that improves and individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment, Embryology, Similarity in the appearance of embryos from different animal species that supports the idea of common ancestor, Fossil Evidence, The fossil record provides snapshots of the past that, when assembled, illustrate a panorama of evolutionary change over the past 4 billion years, Camouflage, Many animals have evolved to exhibit some form of camouflage, which is an adaptation that allows animals to blend in with certain aspects of their environment, Law of Superposition, The top layer and its fossils is the youngest and the bottom rock layer is the oldest, Extinction, When a species is no longer found on Earth currently

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