soil, is the upper layer of the earth's surface., Humus, is the top layer made up decaying plants and is very thin., Top soil, is dark and rich in nutrients. Plants roots grow here and organism like to live there., Subsoil, is light in color and is made up of clay, iron and organic matter., Parent material, is mostly made of large rocks. This material breaks down in soil. Plants roots do NOT grow there., Bedrock, is solic rock at the bottom. This is NOT soil.

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