Ammonia, Using damp red litmus paper, changing from red to blue, Carbon dioxide, Using limewater, it turns from clear to milky Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l), Chlorine gas, Using blue damp litmus paper, blue first turns red and then bleaches to white, Hydrogen, Using a lighted splint, pop test, squeaky sound, Oxygen, Using a glowing splint and relight, Sulfur dioxide, Using aqueous potassium manganate VII, solution changes from purple to colourless, Water vapour, cobalt chloride paper, turns from blue to pink; or copper(II) sulfate (anhydrous), turns from white to blue

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