conduction, the transfer of heat through a substance, conductor, a substance that allows the transfer of heat, convection, the transfer of heat by movement of a liquid or gas, insulator, a substance that resists the transfer of heat, Amplitude, half the height of the wave, Frequency, the number of waves passing a point every second, Longitudinal, running lengthwise rather than across, Transverse, running across rather than lengthwise, Vacuum, empty space, Wavelength, the distance from the peak of one wave to the next, reflect, send back sound or light without absorbing it, sonar, sound navigation and ranging, Electromagnetic spectrum, all the different electromagnetic waves, gamma ray, radiation emitted by radioactive materials, infrared light, an electromagnetic wave with longer wavelength than red light, X-ray, a high-energy ray that can penetrate materials, angle of incidence, the angle at which light hits a surface, angle of reflection, the angle at which light reflects from a surface, opaque, a material that doesn’t allow any light to pass through, refract, bend (light), translucent, a material that allows some light to pass through, transparent, a material that allows light to pass through

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