Evaporation - The process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. For water, this process requires energy, which can come from the Sun, the atmosphere, or the Earth. Evaporation cools the atmosphere as energy is absorbed from it., Water Vapour - Water in its gas phase, formed through evaporation, which enters the atmosphere and is essential for the formation of clouds and precipitation., Condensation - The process by which water vapour changes from a gas to a liquid. It occurs when rising air cools to its dewpoint temperature, leading to cloud, fog, dew, or frost formation. Condensation releases heat back into the atmosphere, causing warming., Dewpoint Temperature - The temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and condensation begins to occur., Clouds - Collections of water droplets or ice crystals formed by the condensation of water vapour in the atmosphere. They are essential for precipitation., Precipitation - Water, either liquid (rain) or solid (snow, sleet, hail), that falls from clouds to the Earth's surface. Precipitation forms when water droplets in clouds grow large enough to fall due to gravity., Water Cycle - The continuous movement of water through the processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, controlling the Earth’s climate and weather patterns., Heat Energy - Energy involved in the phase changes of water. During evaporation, heat is absorbed, cooling the atmosphere. During condensation and freezing, heat is released, warming the atmosphere., Orographic Lifting - The process by which moist air is lifted and cooled as it moves over a mountain, leading to condensation and precipitation on the windward side of the mountain., Poles - Regions near the Earth’s poles (Arctic and Antarctic) where air is dry due to water being locked in ice. Precipitation is mostly in the form of snow, and the water cycle here is less active than in equatorial regions., Equator - The region around the middle of the Earth where solar heating is strongest. Evaporation is high here, contributing to moist air that condenses into clouds and leads to precipitation., Sleet - A form of precipitation consisting of small ice pellets formed when liquid water freezes before reaching the ground., Hail - Solid precipitation in the form of ice balls or lumps, formed by the freezing of water droplets in strong updrafts within thunderstorms., Hurricanes and Cyclones - Large, powerful weather systems fueled by evaporation from warm ocean waters, which power storms and extreme weather events., Floods, Droughts and Blizzards - Weather phenomena that are a result of imbalances in the water cycle, such as too much or too little precipitation, or extreme cold., Heat Release in Freezing - When liquid water freezes, heat energy is released into the atmosphere, increasing the air temperature further., Coalescence - The process by which smaller droplets of water in clouds collide and join together to form larger droplets, eventually leading to precipitation.,

ESS Atmosphere Water Cycle

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