Positive Externalities: A beekeeper's bees pollinate nearby apple trees, a homeowner plants a beautiful garden visible to neighbors, a company trains workers who later start their own businesses., are benefits that are experienced by a third party as a result of an economic transaction between two other parties, without them paying for it, markets tend to under-produce output because suppliers do not consider the additional benefits to others, Negative Externalities: A factory's smoke lowers local air quality, a loud party keeps the whole neighborhood awake., overfishing in public waters reduces future fish stocks., are issues suffered by a third party as a result of an economic transaction, the producer does not bear all costs, which results in excess production,

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