Which complex financial term in the Kazakh/Russian system is the legally mandated equivalent of the US APR (Annual Percentage Rate) and must include all fees and commissions?, Коэффициент долговой нагрузки (КДН), Годовая эффективная ставка вознаграждения (ГЭСВ), Резервы на покрытие потенциальных убытков (РППУ), Месячный расчетный показатель (МРП), The Russian/Kazakh regulatory term КДН (Коэффициент долговой нагрузки) functions as a primary tool of Макропруденциальная политика (МПП). What is the main systemic goal of setting strict regulatory caps on КДН?, To encourage banks to increase their reliance on the Securitization of loans., To ensure that all mortgage loan payments are made using the Annuity payment method., To increase the bank's total Loan Loss Provisions (РППУ) immediately after loan origination., To prevent a bubble and mitigate systemic risk by limiting the total debt burden of the population., In the context of the US secondary mortgage market, Секьюритизация (Securitization) is a key process. Which option correctly describes its function?, It is the process of pooling multiple mortgage loans and selling them as marketable securities (ОИО) to global investors., It is the process of converting an Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM) into a Fixed-Rate Mortgage., It is the government requirement that all mortgages must carry either PMI or MIP., It is the process by which a bank sets aside РППУ against an НЗ portfolio., НЗ (Неработающий заем) is the Russian financial term for a Non-Performing Loan (NPL). What status is typically required for a mortgage to be classified as an NPL?, The borrower has missed scheduled payments for a minimum period, commonly 90 days, with little prospect of recovery., The bank has failed to set aside the required КДН reserves against the loan principal., The loan has been fully repaid, but the lender's interest yield was lower than projected., The borrower has applied for loan restructuring and been denied by the creditor..

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