Optical Fiber, A transmission medium that uses light to carry data over long distances with minimal loss, Modulation, Process of varying a carrier signal to transmit information efficiently over a communication channel, Protocol, A set of standardized rules that define how data is transmitted and received across networks, Bandwidth, The maximum data transfer rate of a network or communication channel, typically measured in Hz or bits per second, Backbone Network, The core infrastructure of a telecommunications network that interconnects various subnetworks and handles high-capacity data traffic, Multiplexing, A technique that combines multiple signals into one medium to optimize the use of bandwidth, Latency, The delay between the transmission and reception of data, usually measured in milliseconds, Antenna, A device used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves, essential in wireless communication systems, Noise, Any unwanted interference that distorts or disrupts the transmission of a signal, Switching, The method used to route data through a network.

Telecommunications Engineering

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