What is language? - It is something we use to share our feelings, ideas, and things we want to voice., What is literature? - It is an art of expressing thoughts, feelings, and events through language., What are the elements of literature? - Language + feeling + style + culture + context + etc., What is a motto? - A short statement of beliefs or aims., What is a mantra? - A word or sound repeated to aid concentration in meditation., What is a mantra? - A word or sound repeated to aid concentration in meditation., What is literacy? - The ability to read and write., What is a hypothesis? - An idea that has not yet been supported by scientific data or observation., What is a theory? - An idea supported by scientific data and continues to develop., What is literary theory? - A conceptual framework through which a literary work is evaluated., What does Traditional Literary Theory focus on? - Writer's biography, culture, history, and status., What is New Criticism? - Focuses only on the text, ignoring outside factors., What is Formalism? - Concentrates on vocabulary, grammar, and literary devices., What is Structuralism? - Focuses on patterns, contexts, and character repetition across texts., What is Post-Structuralism? - Questions fixed meanings and offers alternative perspectives., What is Deconstruction? - Reveals contradictions in a text by changing perspectives., What is Old Historicism? - Judges a work based on the conditions and time it was written., What is New Historicism? - Believes historical texts can influence modern thinking., What is Marxist Criticism? - Analyzes literature in terms of money, class, and economic struggle., What is Critical Criticism? - Focuses on universal social themes (e.g., marriage, money)., What is Cultural Criticism? - Focuses on specific cultural issues (e.g., male-supremacy)., What is Reader-Response Theory? - Readers bring their own interpretations to a text., What is Colonialism in literature? - Examines power relations between colonizers and the colonized., What is Post-Colonialism? - Studies the after-effects of colonialism, such as hybrid identities., What is the Psychoanalytic Approach? - Relates literary works to the writer’s psychological state., What is Archetypal Criticism? - Studies universal images and patterns (e.g., mother figure, death).,  What is Queer Theory? - Questions traditional gender and sexual identity norms., Questions traditional gender and sexual identity norms. - Examines gender roles and advocates for gender equality, What is Literal Language? - Words stand for their actual meaning., What is Figurative Language? - Words gain secondary meaning based on resemblance., What is a Figure of Speech? - A special way something is expressed., What is a Metaphor? - A direct comparison between two unlike things., What is a Simile? - Comparison using “like” or “as.”, What is Irony? - A situation opposite to what is expected., What is Metonymy? - Replacing a concept with something closely related., What is Synecdoche? - A part stands for the whole or vice versa., What is Paradox? - A self-contradictory statement., What is Oxymoron? - Two opposite ideas used together., What is a Pun? - A play on words with multiple meanings., What is Hyperbole? - A deliberate exaggeration., What is Litotes? - Using two negatives to make a positive., What is Onomatopoeia? - Words that imitate sounds., What is Euphemism? - A mild way of saying something unpleasant., What is Alliteration? - Repetition of the same sound at word beginnings., What is Asyndeton? - Omitting conjunctions for poetic effect., What is Expressionism? - Exaggeration of emotion or tone., What is Impressionism? - Depicting scenes through personal, emotional perspective., What is Catharsis? - Emotional release leading to satisfaction., What is Metafiction? - Reminds readers that the story is fictional., What is Hyperreality? - Blending of fiction and reality., What is a Grand Narrative? - A dominant idea or story that defines a genre., What is Pleonasm? - Using more words than necessary., What is a Motive? - The reason behind an action., What is a Motif? - A repeated idea or symbol., What is a Leitmotif? - A motif linked to a specific person or identity., What is Deus Ex Machina? - An unexpected solution to an impossible problem., What is Nemesis? - The enemy or conflict in a story., What is Mimesis? - The realistic reflection of life in art., What is Intentional Fallacy? - Judging a work based on the author’s intellect or bias., What is Affective Fallacy? - Judging a work based on emotional response., What is a First Person Narrator? - Tells the story using “I.”, What is a Second Person Narrator? - Addresses the reader directly as “you.”, What is an Omniscient Third Person Narrator? - Knows everything about all characters., What is a Third Person Limited Narrator? - Knows only one or a few characters’ thoughts., What is an Allegory? - A story with hidden, deeper meaning., What is Fragmentation? - Readers must piece together the meaning., What is Metatextuality? - A text that refers to itself., What is an Untrustworthy Narrator? - Misleads the reader to create surprise or shock., What is Ethos? - Appeal based on credibility and character., What is Pathos? - Appeal to emotions and feelings., What is Logos? - Appeal to logic and reason.,

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