Medical care of the elderly is straightforward as they tend to have common geriatric illnesses or conditions such as "off legs", pneumonia and delirium.Medical care of the elderly is straightforward as they tend to have common geriatric illnesses or conditions such as "off legs", pneumonia and delirium., True, False, Frailty is a health state that can not be prevented. It belongs to the normal aging process., True, False, When the old person is diagnosed with frailty, the best and most humane option is to give up active treatment, i.e. the person is ready for hospice., True, False, Parkinson's disease is caused by loss of neurons and inadequate noradrenaline neurotransmitter in the brainstream., True, False, Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include i.a. bradykinesia and rigidity., True, False, Levodopa (co-beneldopa / co-careldopa) is a medicine for Alzheimer's disease., True, False, To distinguish dementia from delirium the duration of symptoms is the key distinguishing factor, True, False, When the geriatric patient is in psychosis, it is important not to distress them further. The patient can be supported by showing compassion and reinforcing their paranoid beliefs., True, False, The only curative treatment for delirium is pharmaceutical treatment. Used drugs are lorazepam, haloperidol, olanzapine and risperidone., True, False, Pain, infections, urinary retention and alcohol withdrawal symptoms may contribute to delirium., True, False, The most common psychiatric illness in older people is delirium., True, False, Age-associated memory impairment can present at the age of 40-50., True, False, As we age, proximal arteries become thicker which affects the conduction system of the heart. Clinical implications are disorders of the cardiac conduction system (e.g. first degree block)., True, False, As we age, chest wall becomes less flexible but this does not affect ventilation., True, False, Symptoms of respiratory diseases tend to ease with age., True, False, Causes of xerostomia are more frequent with age., True, False, Calcium absorption decreases as a result of aging., True, False, Blunted fluid and electrolyte homeostasis causes loss of the sensation of thirst in aged., True, False, Creatinine value is the best estimate of the elderly person's renal function., True, False, Poor urine output of a geriatric patient on the surgical ward is usually a sign of heart failure. Therefore, urine output can be improved with diuretics., True, False, Confusion occurs in dehydration but not in fluid overload., True, False, Thyroid levels (TSH, T3) drop dramatically as a result of aging (blood test results are not within the normal range)., True, False, Changes in growth hormone levels of aged contribute to sarcopenia and frailty., True, False, Anaemia is common in geriatric patients due to diseases., True, False, Osteoporosis can be managed by ensuring sufficient calcium and vitamin C intake., True, False, 80 % of people over 65 years old have Athlete's foot (thickened, discoloured toe nails)., True, False, As oestrogen levels fall following menopause, women are more prone to vaginal and urinary infections., True, False, Aged men's prostate gland enlarges and fibroses. This is called bening prostatic hypertrophy., True, False, Incontinence is a natural consequence of aging., True, False, In overflow incontinence, any rise in intra-abdominal pressure causes small leaks e.g. with coughing. This is caused by pelvic muscle and ligament laxity., True, False, When communicating with someone who has a hearing aid, it's important to raise your voice and use one-word answers., True, False, "Degenerative deafness" is usually detectable from age 60-65., True, False, Glaucoma causes degenerative changes in the inner ear and vestibular system., True, False, Use of contrast colours is not recommended in vision problems., True, False, As a result of aging, subcutaneous fat decreases in volume and is distributed differently., True, False, Post-menopausal hormonal changes may cause women to develop hair in the beard area and upper lip., True, False, Elderly people's response to vaccinations is better than younger people's response., True, False, It's common that fever can be absent, reduced or delayed in the infections of geriatric patients., True, False, In the cancers of elderly people, the age itself has remarkable influence over disease progression and prognosis., True, False, Some cancer types (e.g. ovarian cancer or acute myeloid leukaemia) are more aggressive in older people., True, False.

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