Soap, A cleansing agent made from the salts of fatty acids with sodium or potassium., Fragrance, Ingredients added to give soap a pleasant smell., Fatty acids, Organic acids that form the basis of fats and oils; main components of soap., Salting-out,  The process of separating soap from glycerin and water using sodium chloride., Superfat, Excess fats that did not fully react with alkali; provides gentleness to the skin., Soap scum,  Insoluble residue formed when Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ ions in hard water react with soap., Foaming ability,  The capacity of soap to produce lather; an important cleaning property..

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