What is a search engine?, A. A program that translates domain names into IP addresses, B. A system that indexes and retrieves web pages based on user queries, C. A browser used to display web pages, D. A protocol for sending web pages, Which statement best describes the surface web?, A. All content accessible only with a password, B. Web pages that are indexed and can be found via standard search engines, C. Databases and intranets not indexed by search engines, D. Content requiring special software such as Tor, The deep web is best described as:, A. Malicious websites that host malware, B. Web pages too old to be used, C. Content not indexed by standard search engines, such as databases or private pages, D. Only .gov websites, Which principle is central to most search algorithms?, A. Choosing the newest website first, B. Ranking pages based on relevance signals such as keywords and links, C. Listing results in random order, D. Showing only pages from the same country as the user, What is a main task of a web crawler?, A. Rendering HTML in a browser, B. Sending emails to webmasters, C. Automatically visiting web pages and following links to discover new content, D. Translating web pages into different languages, How does a web crawler typically use a URL frontier / queue?, A. To store user passwords, B. To keep track of which pages to crawl next, C. To compress images for fast loading, D. To check HTML for errors, What is the role of meta tags such as <meta name="description" ...> in search engines?, A. They define the IP address of the page, B. They tell the browser which fonts to use, C. They provide extra information that crawlers may use when indexing and summarising pages, D. They block crawlers from accessing the site, Which meta tag can be used to control crawler behaviour?, A. <meta name="viewport" ...>, B. <meta name="robots" content="noindex">, C. <meta name="charset" ...>, D. <meta name="author" ...>, What is parallel web-crawling?, A. Crawlers that visit pages in alphabetical order, B. Many crawler processes working at the same time to speed up coverage of the web, C. Crawlers that only fetch pages from one domain, D. Crawlers that work only at night, Why do search engines use parallel crawlers?, A. To reduce the need for indexing, B. To avoid respecting robots.txt, C. To scale to many pages and reduce the time to update the index, D. To stop users from overloading the server, What is the main purpose of web indexing in search engines?, A. To design the layout of a website, B. To store processed information about pages so they can be retrieved quickly when a query is made, C. To block malicious users, D. To back up all web pages to local disks, Which of the following can help a developer make a page appear more prominently in search results (white-hat SEO)?, A. Hiding text by making it the same colour as the background, B. Using relevant, descriptive page titles and headings that match likely search queries, C. Repeating random popular keywords that are unrelated, D. Creating many fake copies of the page, Which of these is an example of a metric used by search engines to evaluate performance?, A. Screen resolution, B. Click-through rate (CTR) from the results page, C. CPU temperature, D. Number of colours on a page, Why is the effectiveness of a search engine influenced by the assumptions made during development?, A. The browser ignores these assumptions, B. Assumptions decide what “relevance” means and which signals (links, keywords, freshness) are given more weight, C. Assumptions only affect the speed, not the quality, of results, D. Assumptions apply only to deep web pages, Which is a key assumption a search engine designer might make?, A. Shorter pages are always better, B. Pages with more incoming links are more likely to be authoritative, C. Only pages with images are relevant, D. Users search for the same query every day, What is white hat SEO?, A. Techniques that attempt to hack search engines, B. Ethical optimisation methods that follow search engine guidelines and focus on useful content, C. Buying fake clicks to improve ranking, D. Hiding text and stuffing keywords, Which of the following is an example of black hat SEO?, A. Writing high-quality, original articles, B. Improving page load speed, C. Cloaking content so that the crawler sees different text than users, D. Using descriptive alt text for images, Which is a future challenge for search engines as the web continues to grow?, A. Reducing the number of indexed pages, B. Dealing with more data, spam, and misinformation while still giving fast, relevant results, C. Eliminating the need for web crawlers, D. Making all websites use the same design, Why is personalisation a challenge for search engines?, A. It makes crawling impossible, B. It may improve relevance but raises concerns about privacy and filter bubbles, C. It stops pages from loading, D. It only works on static pages.

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