Motivational Traits: Stable, long-lasting characteristics, do not change quickly, but can be strengthened with supportive environments., An Najati: motivation includes worldly and spiritual dimensions,, motivation emerges from knowledge (ilm) and free will (i'radah), Affect: emotional component influencing learning (positive or negative)., Positive affect increases persistence and engagement, Arousal: Affects performance according to the Yerkes–Dodson Law, Performance improves when arousal is at the right level., Curiosity: desire to explore, understand, and fill in gaps in one’s knowledge., want to discover how or why something happens, Emotions: feelings (positive or negative) that influence how students think, behave, and perform in class, Frustration, Boredom, Anger, Learned Helplessness: individuals believe they have no control over what happens, even when they actually do., “No matter what I do, it won’t make a difference.”, Al-Ghazali: There are 4 main motivators: desire, fear, hope, and love, Purification of the Heart (Tazkiyat al-Nafs),

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