Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), A brain-based difference with patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity that can affect focus, planning, and self-control., Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), A lifelong neurotype that affects social communication and flexible thinking; often includes sensory differences and strong interests., Dyslexia, A specific learning difficulty that makes reading and spelling words hard, usually due to challenges with phonological processing., Dysgraphia, A specific learning difficulty that makes handwriting, spelling, and putting ideas into written words difficult., Dyscalculia, A specific learning difficulty with number sense and math facts; understanding quantities, symbols, and calculations can be challenging., Dyspraxia, A motor-planning difficulty that affects fine and/or gross movement, coordination, and sometimes everyday tasks., Speech-Language Impairment (SLI), Difficulties understanding and/or using spoken language (vocabulary, grammar, sentences) not explained by hearing loss or overall ability., Specific Learning Difficulty (SpLD), An umbrella term for targeted difficulties in reading, writing, or math despite average learning ability (e.g., dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia)., Hearing Impairment (HI), Partial or total hearing loss that affects access to spoken sound; may use hearing aids, cochlear implants, FM systems, and visual supports., Visual Impairment (VI), Partial sight or blindness that affects access to visual information; may use large print, braille, magnification, and tactile resources., Intellectual Disability (ID), Significant differences in intellectual functioning and everyday adaptive skills, starting before adulthood; support needs vary., Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), A pattern of frequent anger, irritability, arguing, and refusing to follow rules or requests, beyond what’s typical for age, that affects school and relationships..

Common SEN Types

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