Aid - short-term help - such as food, given in an emergency, , or long-term help, or long-term help or long-term help - such as training in health care, Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) - Measures the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions on a scale of 1-8, Basalt - A dark coloured volcanic rock. Spreads rapidly, creating very runny lava flows, Collision zones - Where two tectonic plates collide, forming fold mountains like the Himalayas, Conservative plate boundary - Where two tectonic plates are sliding alongside each other, in the same of different directions, Continental crust - The part of the earths crust that makes up land, on average 30-50km thick, Convection currents - Currents which transfer heat from one part of a liquid or gas to another, Destructive/Convergent plate boundary - Where two tectonic plates collide and one is usually subducted under the other less dense plate, Core - The centre of the earth, believed to be solid inside, with a hot liquid outer core, Constructive/Divergent plate boundary - Where two tectonic plates move away from each other, Epicentre - The point on the ground directly above the focus (centre) of an earthquake, Focus - The point of origin of an earthquake, Geothermal - Heat from inside the earth, Evacuate - When people move from a place of danger to a safer place, Hot spots - Columns of heat in the earths mantle, found in the middle of a tectonic plate, Lava - Melted rock that erupts from a volcano, Lithosphere - The cool and brittle uppermost layer of the earth, Asthenosphere - The slightly cooled uppermost part of the mantle that sticks to the lithosphere and drags plates in the direction of the convection currents, Magma - Melted rock below the earths surface, Magnitude - of an earthquake (how much the ground shakes), an expression of the total energy released, Mantle - The deepest layer of the earth, found in between the core and the crust, Oceanic crust - The part of the earth's crust which is under the oceans, usually 6-8km thick, Pangea - A supercontinent consisting of the whole land area of the globe, before it was split up by continental drift, Plate boundaries - Where tectonic plates meet. There are 3 main types of boundary, Primary effects - The direct impacts of an event, usually occurring instantly, Pyroclasts - Fragments of volcanic material, thrown out during explosive eruptions, Secondary effects - The indirect impacts of an event. Usually occurring in the hours, weeks, months, or years after an event, Stratovolcano - Type of volcano, characterised by steep sides, Subduction - Describes denser oceanic crust sinking into the mantle beneath the continental crust at a destructive plate boundary. As the crust subducts it melts back into the mantle, Tsunami - Earthquakes beneath the sea bed displace huge amounts of water above them generating huge waves,

Plate Tectonics

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