A population becomes separated. This can occur due to geographical, ecological or behavioural isolation barriers. , , The original population has now been split into 2 sub-populations., , Over time, different mutations take place in each of the sub-populations., , Natural selection selects the organisms who are best suited to their environment to survive and reproduce. Each sub-population evolves until they become so genetically different that they are 2 different species. , , Even if the isolation barrier was removed, the 2 sub-populations cannot interbreed to produce fertile offspring as they are now 2 different species. .

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