Name of the supercontinent that all continents once formed. - Pangea, The theory that helps us understand why and how tectonic plates move. - Plate tectonic theory, Structures such as volcanoes, fold mountain ranges, mid-oceanic ridges and ocean trenches that form as a result of tectonic plate movement. - Tectonic landforms, Events such as earthquakes and tsunamis that occur due to the movement of tectonic plates. - Tectonic phenomena, The innermost, hottest and thickest layer of the earth's structure - Core, The layer of the earth that is above the core and consists of molten and semi-molten rock. - Mantle, The outermost layer of earth that consists of continents and oceancs. - Crust, The part of the tectonic plate that is covered by continents. - Continental crust, The part of the tectonic plate that is covered by oceans. - Oceanic crust, The part of the mantle upon which tectonic plates float. - Asthenosphere, The part of the earth's structure that consists of the uppermost mantle and the crust. - Lithosphere, The main driving force behind the movement of tectonic plates. - Convection currents, The force caused by gravity that results in the downward movement (subduction) of the denser oceanic plate into the mantle. - Slab-pull force, Another word for the downward movement of the oceanic plate into the mantle. - Subduction, The plate boundary where two plates move away form one another. Also known as a constructive plate boundary. - Divergent plate boundary, The plate boundary where two plates move towards each other. Also known as a destructive plate boundary. - Convergent plate boundary, The boundary where two plates slide past each other. - Transform plate boundary, Another word for a divergent plate boundary. - Constructive plate boundary, Another word for a convergent plate boundary. - Destructive plate boundary, The geological process by which new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges through volcanic activities and then slowly moves away from the ridges. - Seafloor spreading, The phenomenon that leads to the formation of new rock/crust. - Volcanic activity, The landform found directly at divergent plate boundaries. - Mid-oceanic ridges, The landform found directly at convergent plate boundaries. - Ocean trenches, Molten and semi-molten rock found in the mantle. - Magma, Magma that has been extruded from the earth's mantle onto the earth's surface. - Lava, Lava that has cooled and solidified. - Volcanic rock, The evidence of seafloor spreading where rocks found nearer the mid-oceanic ridge are younger, but older rocks are found further away. - Evidence of rock ages, Evidence of seafloor spreading where older rock/crust is destroyed at ocean trenches. - Evidence of limited sediment accumulation, The location at the top of Earth where the longitudes converge. - Geographic North, The location at the bottom of Earth where the longitudes converge. - Geographic South, Earth's North and South that reverses over geological time periods. - Magnetic North and South, When magnetic North and South are pointing roughly towards the geographic North and South. - Normal polarity, When the magnetic North points roughly towards the geographic South and the magnetic South points roughly towards geographic North. - Reverse polarity, The pattern of alternating magnetic bands and zebra-like magnetic patterns that are symmetrical on both sides of the mid-oceanic ridge. - Magnetic striping, Magnetic striping evidence supporting the plate tectonic theory where non-random strips of normal polarity rock alternating alongside strips of reversed polarity rock are observed on the seafloor. - Evidence of rock patterns, Magnetic striping evidence supporting the plate tectonic theory where metallic minerals in basalt result that volcanic rock can be magnetised to Earth's existing magnetic field. - Evidence from rock composition, The type of rock that is iron-rich and commonly found near mid-oceanic ridges. - Basalt, Words describing the magnetic striping pattern observed on the seafloor. - Alternating bands of normal and reverse polarity, zebra-like pattern, symmetrical along both sides of the mid-oceanic ridge, The type of crust that is denser and younger. - Oceanic crust, The type of crust that is less dense and older. - Continental crust, The process of an oceanic plate colliding and descending beneath another less than tectonic plate - Subduction, Linear lowland with steep sides - Rift valley, Landform created when lava erupts onto the earth's surface  - Volcano, Shaking of the ground due to the sudden release of energy when two past suddenly slip past each other - Earthquake, A fracture along which the crust on either side have moved relative to one another - Fault, Mountains that have formed due to two converging plates that cause the Earth's layers to fold - Fold mountain, The convergent plate boundary where no subduction takes place - Continental-continental convergent plate boundary, The processes that result in earthquakes occuring - Release of accumulated friction, stress and tension in tectonic plates, Processes that result in the formation of fold mountains - Uplift and buckling of tectonic crust, A series of volcanoes that have formed in the water and have risen above sea level - Volcanic island,

Plate Tectonics Topic 1 | Key Concepts

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