What does M.A.I.N stand for? - Militarism, Alliances,Imperialism,Nationalism., What event sparked world war!? - The assasination of archduke franz Ferdinand of austria- Hungary., Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand? - Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand., What were the two major alliance systems before WWI? - The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente., Which nations were part of the Triple Entente? - France, Russia, and Great Britain., Which nations were part of the Triple Alliance? - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy., Why was nationalism a long-term cause of WWI? - It increased tensions and pushed ethnic groups to seek independence., How did imperialism contribute to WWI? - Competition for colonies heightened rivalries between European powers., What is militarism? - The build-up and glorification of military power., How did alliances make a larger war more likely? - Countries were obligated to support their allies, pulling many nations into conflict., Who were the Central Powers? - Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria., Who were the Allied Powers? - Great Britain, France, Russia (until 1917), Italy (after 1915), and the United States (after 1917)., What is trench warfare? - A type of warfare in which soldiers fought from long, defensive trenches., What was 'No Man's Land'? - The dangerous area between opposing trenches., Name two new technologies used in WWI. - Machine guns, poison gas, tanks, airplanes, submarines., Why was poison gas significant? - It caused severe injuries and psychological terror., Which battle symbolized the horrors of trench warfare? - The Battle of the Somme., What was unrestricted submarine warfare? - Germany's policy of sinking any ship near Britain without warning., Why was the sinking of the Lusitania important? - It increased U.S. anger toward Germany and pushed the U.S. closer to war., What was the Zimmerman Telegram? - A German message encouraging Mexico to attack the U.S. in exchange for lost territories., When did the United States enter WWI? - 1917., Why did Russia withdraw from WWI? - The Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk., How did U.S. entry into the war affect the Allies? - It boosted morale and provided fresh troops and supplies., What is total war? - When a country devotes all resources-military and civilian-to the war effort., How was propaganda used during WW!? - To influence public opinion, encourage enlistment, and support the war effort., How did women contribute to the war effort? - They worked in factories, took industrial jobs, and served as nurses., What is rationing? - Limiting civilian use of goods to support the military., What was the Selective Service Act? - A U.S. law requiring men to register for the draft., What was the Great Migration? - movement of African Americans from the rural south to northern cities for industrial jobs., Why did factories shift to wartime production? - to supply weapons, ammunition, and equipment needed for war., When did WWI end? - November 11, 1918 (Armistice Day)., What is an armistice? - An agreement to stop fighting., Which major empires collapsed after WWI? - The Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and German Empires., What were Wilson's Fourteen Points? - President Woodrow Wilson's plan for postwar peace., What was the League of Nations? - An international organization created to prevent future wars, Why didn't the U.S. join the League of Nations? - The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles., What was the Treaty of Versailles? - The treaty that officially ended WWI., What was the War Guilt Clause? - A clause blaming Germany for starting WWI., How was Germany punished in the Treaty of Versailles? - Loss of territory, military restrictions, and heavy reparations., What are reparations? - Payments for damages caused during the war., How many soldiers died in WW!? - About 10 million., What global event followed immediately after WW!? - The 1918 influenza pandemic., How were colonial troops involved in WW!? - Millions served in European armies or supported them as laborers., What political ideologies grew after WWI? - Communism in Russia and fascism in Italy and Germany., What economic impact did WWI have on Europe? - Severe debt and economic devastation., Why did German resentment grow after WWI? - Harsh penalties under the Treaty of Versailles., What new nations were formed after WWI? - Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and others., What happened to the Ottoman Empire after WWI? - It was dismantled; Turkey became an independent nation-state., Why was WWI called 'The war to end all wars'? - Many hoped it would create lasting peace., How did WWI set the stage for WWI!? - The harsh treatment of Germany fueled anger, nationalism, and the rise of extremism.,

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