Meritocracy, A social system where individuals advance based on ability, talent, and achievement, rather than wealth or social class., Merit, Talent, intelligence, hard work, and good performance that serves as a basis for reward or advancement., Equal Opportunity, The principle that all people should have the same chance to succeed in life, regardless of their background., Social Mobility, The ability of individuals or groups to move upward or downward in status, position, or class., Nepotism, The practice of favoring relatives or friends by giving them jobs, which contradicts the core principle of meritocracy., Privilege, A special right or advantage available only to a particular person or group, which can undermine fair competition., Human Capital, The economic value of a worker's experience, skills, knowledge, and work ethic., Performance-Based, Describing a reward or evaluation system that is directly linked to an individual's measured results or output., Egalitarianism, A belief in the principle that all people are equally deserving of rights and opportunities, often a goal of meritocratic systems., The American Dream, The ideal that every US citizen has an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work and determination., Initial Advantage, The benefits a person receives at birth or early in life (e.g., wealthy parents, access to top schools) that may contradict pure meritocracy., The Peter Principle, A concept that people in a hierarchy tend to rise to their "level of incompetence" when promotion is based on success in previous jobs., Bias, Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair., Glass Ceiling, An unacknowledged barrier to advancement in a profession, especially for women and minorities., Systemic Inequality, The embedded disadvantages within a society's institutions (like schools or job markets) that favor some groups over others., Upward Mobility, Movement of a person from a lower to a higher socio-economic position., Effort, Hard work or exertion, often considered one of the key components of merit in a meritocratic system., Credentialism, Over-reliance on formal qualifications (like degrees or certificates) when making hiring or promotion decisions., Technocracy, A system of governance or management where decision-makers are selected based on their technical expertise or skill., Accountability, The obligation to accept responsibility or to account for one's actions, often a feature of a merit-based system..

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