Costs associated with preventing defects, appraisal cost, Prevention cost, Cost of defects found before the product reached the customer, internal failure cost, external failure cost, Costs of inspection and testing to ensure quality, appraisal cost, internal failure cosy, cost of defects after the product reaches the customers, external failure cost, appraisal cost, is a hollistic approach to long term success not as short term goal, Total Quality Management, Total Quality Organization, the primary goal is to meet and exceed customer focus, customer focus, use of quality tools, product design, continuous improvement, Employees are trained in quality measurement tools and the entrusted to to use them in their everyday use , use of quality tools, product design, process management, employee empowerment, constantly workin in improving manufacturing and quality product, custoner focus, Employee empowerment, continuous improvement, regine velasquez, tools like flowchart, control charts, helps in understanding and measuring quality and issues, continuous improvement, use of quality material, product design, process managaement, products should be designed to meet customer expectations and needs, Employee empowerment, Process management, Continuous improvement, Product design, ensures process are efficient and meet the required quality, process management, use of quality tools, Roel cortez, product design, employees may assist the changes necessary for TQM implementation, Lack of leadership commitment, resistance to change, requires strong leadership to drive change, lack of leadership commitment, misunderstanding about TQM, there might be misconceptions or lack of understanding about what TQM entails, Misunderstanding about TQM, lack of leadership commitment, These can encompass aspects like functionality, reliability, durability, statics, and other attributes, product quality, process quality, Them to the comparison of perceive expectations with actual service, service quality, Product quality , efficiency and effectiveness of a process for minimal ways and maximum value, Process process quality , Product quality , meeting , defines specifications or criteria like ISO standards, fitness for purpose, Conformance to standards, mass production started, and the need for quality control in factories became apparent, Craftsmanship era, Industrial revolution , Artisans and craftsman took personal responsibility for the quality of their handmade products, craftsmanship era, Post-WWII era, quality inspection was emphasize workers are responsible for producing and inspecting their own work, Early 20th century , Industrial revolution , controls were introduced to Japan, by Americans like W.Edwards, Deming and Joseph M. Juran. This contributed to japan rapid economic recovery and growth in the later 20th century, post WWII era, early 20th century, During these years western companies took note and started implementing TQM , 1990S, 1970s - 1980s, 1950s, 21st Century, Year that the focus shifted to six sigma, a set of techniques and tool for improvements, 1970, 1990, with the advent of globalizations and digital technologies, 20th century, 1980, who introduced the six sigma, joseph m. Juran, bill smith, w.edwards deming, everything are importance of quality except one, employee management, Customer satisfaction, Competitive advantage, cost efficiency, he believed in a system-focused approach to quality, w. edwards deming, bill smith, joseph m. juran, peter harrison, He’s philosophy centered around the idea that quality should be viewed in terms of fitness for use rather than conformance to specification, Joseph m. Juran, bill smith, also known as 80/20 rule, pareto principle, multi principle, he believed in a more absolute rather than elegance or luxury, philip b. crosby, Joseph m. Juran, refers to the capability of an organization to provide products that meet or exceed market standards, competitiveness, perseverance  , refers to a prediction or future demand for products or services over a specified future time period., analyzing, forecast, pertains to the long term planning that ingrates that quality is a corecomponent, strategy, techniques, true or false: The main aim of forecasting in operations management is to align operational activities and resources with anticipated demand to efficiently meet customer needs while optimizing costs, false , true, Used for decisions related to day-to-day operations, short-term forecast, medium-term forecast, Used for decisions related to resource allocation, capacity planning, and budgeting. It usually spans from a few months to a couple of years., long-term forecast, medium term forecast, Focuses on strategic decisions like business growth, capital investments, and entering new markets. It covers time frames that are several years or more., short-term forecast, long-term forecast, Relies on expert judgment, intuition, and subjective assessments. It is typically used when historical data is not available, such as for new product launches., quantitative forecasting, qualitative forecasting, Employs mathematical models and historical data to predict future demand, qualitative forecasting, quantitative forecasting, Extends past data trends into the future., extrapolation, Market extension, Relies on intuition rather than formal methodologies., Intuitive- or gut feel methods, plan organizing.

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