Which statement about scientific models is correct? (100), They are exact copies of reality, They never change once created, They are simplified tools to explain complex systems, They replace real experiments, If gravity suddenly became weaker on Earth, which change would happen first? (300), The atmosphere would disappear immediately, Objects would weigh less, Earth would stop rotating, The Sun would move away, Which layer of the Earth is the hottest? (100), Crust, Mantle, Core, Surface, Which scientist is famous for the theory of evolution? (100), Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Gregor Mendel, Which planet is known as the “Red Planet”? (100), Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Venus, Which scientist developed the laws of motion? (100), Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Marie Curie, Nikola Tesla, Which example best shows adaptation rather than behavior? (200), A bird flying south in winter, A human wearing warm clothes, A dog learning a new trick, Thick fur on animals living in cold regions, Which statement best describes a scientific law? (200), An idea waiting to be proven, A personal opinion of scientists, A description of a repeated natural pattern, An explanation of why something happens, Why does increasing temperature usually increase reaction rate? (300), Molecules become heavier, Pressure decreases, Molecules move faster and collide more often, Energy is lost to the environment, Which part of the eye controls how much light enters? (100), Iris, Lens, Retina, Optic nerve, A hot object and a cold object are placed in thermal contact inside an isolated system. At equilibrium, which statement is correct? (500), There is no net heat flow between the objects, Heat continues to flow but at equal rates, Particle motion stops, The hotter object keeps more internal energy, Which conclusion is most reasonable when experimental results do not match a hypothesis? (200), The experiment failed, The hypothesis must be correct, The hypothesis may need revision, The data should be ignored, Why can two different scientific models explain the same phenomenon? (200), Models emphasize different aspects of complex systems, One model must be wrong, Scientists disagree on facts, Models are based on opinions, What happens when the speed of a charged particle increases? (300), Its electric charge increases, Its mass disappears, Its magnetic effect becomes stronger, Gravity stops acting on it, A perfectly insulated box is divided into two equal chambers by a removable wall. One side contains hot gas, the other side contains cold gas. After the wall is removed and the system reaches equilibrium, which statement is certainly true? (500), Total internal energy of the gas decreases, Heat flows from cold gas to hot gas, Temperature of the hot gas remains higher, Entropy of the system increases.

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