Ad Hominem, Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.​, False Dilemma, Presenting only two options as if they are the only possibilities, ignoring other alternatives. , Bandwagon Appeal, Arguing that something is true or right because it’s popular or widely accepted.​, HastyGeneralizatio, Making a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence., Slippery Slope, Claiming that one small step will inevitably lead to a chain of catastrophic events.​, Circular Reasoning, Using the conclusion as a premise to prove itself, without providing evidence., Equivocation, Using ambiguous language to mislead or conceal the truth., Red Herring, Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the original argument., Burden of Proof, Placing the burden of disproving a claim on someone else rather than providing evidence for it., False Analogy, Making a comparison between two things that aren’t actually comparable in the relevant context., Appeal to Authority, Claiming something is true because an authority or expert said it, without evaluating their credibility or relevance., Appeal to Ignorance, Claiming something is true because it hasn’t been proven false, or vice versa., Appeal to Emotion, Using emotions (fear, pity, anger) to manipulate an audience instead of presenting logical evidence., Straw Man, Misrepresenting or exaggerating an opponent’s argument to make it easier to attack., PostHocErgoPropter, Assuming that because one event followed another, the first caused the second.​, Tu Quoque, Dismissing criticism by pointing out the critic’s hypocrisy..

Logical Fallacies

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