1) Which bacterial structure is the primary target of beta-lactam antibiotics? a) Cell membrane b) Ribosome c) Cell wall d) Capsule 2) The bacterial capsule mainly contributes to which clinical feature? a) Faster reproduction b) Antibiotic synthesis c) Resistance to phagocytosis d) Energy production 3) Which bacterial structure is responsible for protein synthesis? a) Nucleoid b) Ribosome c) Cell wall d) Flagellum 4) Which structure allows bacteria to attach to host tissues? a) Flagella b) Pili (fimbriae) c) Endospore d) Ribosome 5) Why are endospores clinically significant in healthcare settings? a) They produce toxins b) They increase movement c) Survive extreme conditions d) Cause immediate infection 6) Which process explains how bacteria rapidly increase in number? a) Meiosis b) Binary fission c) Budding d) Mitosis 7) Increased bacterial growth is most likely when which condition is present? a) Low temperature, acidic pH b) Adequate nutrients, optimal temperature c) Absence of oxygen only d) Presence of antibodies 8) Which feature allows some bacteria to survive without oxygen? a) Aerobic metabolism only b) Anaerobic respiration c) Photosynthesis d) Endospore formation 9) Which component triggers fever in Gram-negative infections? a) Peptidoglycan b) Capsule c) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) d) Ribosome 10) Why is bacterial DNA replication a critical antibiotic target? a) Prevents toxin release b) Stops capsule formation c) Prevents reproduction d) Increases immune response

Bacterial Structures Quiz

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