past situation relevant to the present - I've lived in Spain, and the trains are so much more reliable there., recent action with consequences for the present - I've just sold my car and so now Igo to work by bus., situation continuing until the present - I've enjoyed travelling by train ever since I was young., past event before another past event - This morning I'd read a couple of reports before I got off the train., action still in progress - I've been working at home for the last five years., action recently finished - Sorry I'm late. I've been trying to find a parking place, action in progress over a period - I'd been waiting over an hour when they announced that the train had been cancelled., how many times something happened in a period - I'd spoken to her only a couple of times before then., a completed action or series of actions - I've called the bus company a number of times to complain., to say how long an action has been in progress - I've been trying to phone in to your programme for the last half hour.,

Present and Past Perfect Tenses

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