past situation relevant to the present, I've lived in Spain, and the trains are so much more reliable there., recent action with consequences for the present, I've just sold my car and so now Igo to work by bus., situation continuing until the present, I've enjoyed travelling by train ever since I was young., past event before another past event, This morning I'd read a couple of reports before I got off the train., action still in progress, I've been working at home for the last five years., action recently finished, Sorry I'm late. I've been trying to find a parking place, action in progress over a period, I'd been waiting over an hour when they announced that the train had been cancelled., how many times something happened in a period, I'd spoken to her only a couple of times before then., a completed action or series of actions, I've called the bus company a number of times to complain., to say how long an action has been in progress, I've been trying to phone in to your programme for the last half hour.

Present and Past Perfect Tenses

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