Insulin Lispro (Rapid-Acting), Class: Rapid-acting insulin (bolus) - Onset: 10–15 min - Peak: 30–60 min - Duration: ≤ 5 hours Key Use: Given 0–15 min before or after meals Major Risk: Hypoglycemia Nursing Pearls: - Ensure meal is available - Used with basal insulin - Highest hypoglycemia risk at peak, Humulin R (Regular / Short-Acting), Class: Short-acting insulin (bolus) - Onset: 30–60 min - Peak: 2–3 hours - Duration: 5–7 hours Key Use: Given ~30 min before meals Major Risk: Hypoglycemia if meal delayed Nursing Pearls: - Only insulin given IV (e.g., DKA) - Timing with meals is critical, Humulin N (NPH – Intermediate-Acting), Class: Intermediate-acting insulin (basal) - Onset: 1–3 hours - Peak: 5–8 hours - Duration: Up to 18 hours Key Use: Basal coverage Major Risk: Nocturnal hypoglycemia Nursing Pearls: - Often given at bedtime - Requires supplementation with bolus insulin, Insulin Glargine (Long-Acting), Class: Long-acting insulin (basal) - Onset: ~90 min - Peak: No pronounced peak - Duration: Up to 24 hours Key Use: Once-daily basal insulin Major Risk: Hypoglycemia (lower risk) Nursing Pearls: - Do NOT mix with other insulins - Same time each day.

Insulins

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