Edward Chance Tolman's Latent Learning - Place Learning, who made use of the paradigm of learning without reinforcement, David Ausubel's Meaningful Verbal Learning Theory, theory focuses on the verbal learning methodmeaningful learning occurs when new experiences are related to what learners already know., Jerome Bruner's Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry Method/Theory of Instruction, This theory, as opposed to Ausubel's theory of meaningful verbal learning, emphasizes that learning is more meaningful to learners when they have the opportunity to interact among themselves and with their environment through conducting experiments, exploring and manipulating materials and equipment, wrestling with questions, and finding solutions to their questions., Wolfgang Kohler's Insight Learning/Problem-solving Theory, This theory also emphasizes that learners have the capacity to determine and understand the nature of any given phenomenon in a bigger view that involves exploring, analyzing, and structuring perception until a solution is found, where the most problem is solved through the "cognitive trial and error" method., George A. Miller's Theory of Data Processing, This theory is grounded on Edward C. Tolman's latent learning, claiming that learning is a complex and internal process that occurs with some mental processes. This theory emphasized that information is the basic means of learning and explains learning in terms of the memory system. It focuses on how information goes into the memory and how it is stored and retrieved as the need arises., Sensory record, It is the stage where first-hand information is received using the different senses., Short-term memory, It is the stage where information is processed and turned into behavior before it is transferred to long-term memory., Long-term memory, It is the stage where information is continually stored and has three different parts where different types of information are as, Semantic memory, It is the storage of verbal information such as concepts, principles, and generalizations in solving problems, Recollectional memory, It is the storage of records and events, phenomena, times, and places that have a memorable impact on the learners., Operational memory, It is the storage of skills and ordinal, applied, and methodological information needed to complete a task., Cognitive processes, It refers to mental activities that help in transferring information from one memory to another such as:, Attention, It is the power to focus on selective information. Efficient learning depends on the selective ability of the learner., Perception, It is the process of describing the information received., Repetition, It is the process of storing repetitive information for it to stay longer in the short-term memory., Coding, It is the process of deducing or using codes when transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory. In other words, learners need to filter information that is necessary for learning., Storing, This process is anchored on Anderson and Bower's model that information is established on verbal units including structures of subject and verb rather than perception. This means that the learners' stored information are reliable and sufficient to stand the test of time., Retrieving, It is the process of looking for, finding, and activating information when needed. Executive cognition or cognition information. It refers to the harmonization between information stores and cognitive processes for data processing., Primary reinforcer, Example: A child is excited to go to school on the first day of class because of his or her new pair of shoes, uniform, bag, opportunity to meet new friends and teachers, etc., but unmindful of his or her new lessons., Secondary reinforcer, Example: A child learns to value money because he or she needs it to buy food, clothing, or other basic needs., Positive reinforcer, Example: Increasing the hours of watching movies because the learner achieved a perfect score in an examination, Negative reinforcer, Example: Taking away a learner's favorite toy when the learner misbehaves, Fixed Ratio, Example: The learner is given praise or reward for every correct answer or desirable behavior displayed., Fixed Interval, Example: The talkative learner will be given praise or reward only if he or she remains quiet for 10 minutes. Following the token, no additional reinforcement will be given until another 10 minutes pass., Variable Ratio, Example: In joining a math competition, a learner will not know when he or she will win even after several trials of competing., Variable Interval, Example: A learner who is fishing in a pond will have to wait for a few minutes or hours before he or she can catch a fish. Both the fixed ratio and fixed interval are predictable. This means that learners will know when they will get or receive the reward or praise. On the other hand, variable ratios and variable intervals are both unpredictable. This means that learners will not know when they will get or receive the reward or praise., Verbal, Example: praise, encouragement, Physical, Example: touch, pats, hugs, Non verbal, Example: smiles, winks, warm looks, Consumable, Example: cookies, candies.

FL2

by
Print
Embed

Leaderboard

Visual style

Options

Switch template

)
Continue editing: ?