IONIC, They are generally formed when metals react with nonmetals., The formation process involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another., They are composed of electrically charged particles known as ions (cations and anions)., Particles are held together by electrostatic attractions between opposite electrical charges., They do not exist as discrete, individual units; instead, ions are packed together in a crystal lattice., The smallest representative unit of these compounds is called a formula unit., As solids, they are poor conductors of electricity because ions cannot move freely., They conduct electricity when they are melted (molten) or dissolved in water, which allows ions to move., Chemical formulas for these substances represent the smallest whole-number ratio of the ions present., The subscripts in their formulas are always chosen to provide electrical neutrality for the entire lattice., COVALENT, They are formed when nonmetallic elements combine with one another., The atoms are held together through the sharing of electrons rather than a full transfer., They consist of electrically neutral particles called molecules., Atoms within these particles are attached to each other by attractions called chemical bonds., They exist as discrete, individual units that can behave and move as a single particle., The smallest representative unit of these substances is called a molecule., They are generally nonconductors of electricity in their liquid or molten state., When dissolved in water, they typically do not conduct electricity because they do not contain mobile ions., Their chemical formulas specify the actual number of atoms of each kind within a single molecule., Examples include common substances like water (H2O).

IONIC VS COVALENT

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