1. What is meant by the water cycle?, Answer: It is the continuous movement of water among different water reservoirs., 2. Define "water reservoirs" and give three examples., Answer: They are storage locations of water on Earth. Examples include oceans, glaciers, and living organisms., 3. Why is the Sun considered the most important source of energy in the water cycle?, Answer: Because sunlight includes thermal energy that causes the change of the state of water through processes like melting and evaporation., 4. Explain the role of gravity in the water cycle., Answer: Gravity is the main force that pulls water downward, causing rain to fall, glaciers to move downhill, and water to leak into the ground., 5. What happens to water particles during the melting process?, Answer: Water changes from a solid state (ice) to a liquid state and gains thermal energy., 6. How does evaporation occur in the water cycle?, Answer: The Sun heats water in oceans and seas, causing water particles to gain thermal energy and change from a liquid state to a gas state (water vapor)., 7. Define the process of condensation., Answer: It is the process where water changes from a gas state (water vapor) to a liquid state (water droplets) as it loses thermal energy., 8. What is meant by transpiration?, Answer: It is a type of evaporation that takes place through the stomata on the plant's leaves., 9. How much of the water vapor in the air comes from plant transpiration?, Answer: About 10% of water vapor in the air comes from the transpiration of plants., 10. Give a reason for: Moving down of glaciers from the top of a mountain to its foot., Answer: This happens due to the effect of gravity force pulling the ice downward., 11. Explain how clouds are formed., Answer: Clouds form when water vapor in the air cools and condenses into tiny water droplets that attach to particles of dust and smoke., 12. What happens when water droplets in the clouds become very heavy?, Answer: They fall to the Earth's surface in the form of rain (precipitation)., 13. Describe the relationship between solar energy and the rate of transpiration., Answer: When the amount of energy from the Sun increases, the rate of transpiration in plant leaves increases., 14. What is the effect of air temperature differences on air movement?, Answer: The difference in temperature leads to the movement of air from one place to another., 15. How does groundwater form?, Answer: It forms when liquid water leaks down into the ground through soil and rocks due to gravity., 16. Give a reason for: The drying up of a shallow pond in summer., Answer: This is an example of the evaporation process where water gains thermal energy and changes into water vapor., 17. What happens to the energy of water vapor when it condenses?, Answer: Water vapor releases (loses) its thermal energy to change back into liquid water., 18. List the main processes that move water among reservoirs., Answer: The main processes are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and collection., 19. What are the two factors that control the movement of water in the water cycle?, Answer: The two main factors are energy (solar energy) and force (gravity and wind)., 20. Give a reason for: Water drops forming on the outside of a cold glass of juice., Answer: This happens because water vapor in the air hits the cold glass, loses energy, and condenses into liquid water droplets., 21. What is meant by "runoff"?, Answer: It is the flowing of liquid water downhill into streams and rivers towards larger water bodies., 22. Why can't we sometimes see the water found in the air?, Answer: Because it is in the form of water vapor, which is a gas state., 23. What is the role of stomata in the water cycle?, Answer: Stomata are tiny openings in plant leaves that allow water to come out to the air in the form of water vapor during transpiration., 24. Give a reason for: The formation of clouds in the sky., Answer: Clouds form due to the condensation of water vapor into water droplets that join together in large numbers., 25. What happens during the freezing process in terms of energy?, Answer: Water changes from a liquid state to a solid state (ice) and loses thermal energy., 26. Explain why the amount of solar energy differs from one place to another on Earth., Answer: This difference is due to the way solar radiation reaches the Earth's surface, affecting local temperatures and the water cycle., 27. What is "collection" in the water cycle?, Answer: It is the step where water accumulates in various reservoirs like oceans, lakes, and rivers after runoff., 28. How do dust and smoke contribute to the water cycle?, Answer: They act as particles that water vapor attaches to during the condensation process to form clouds., 29. What happens if you cover a plant's leaves with a plastic bag in sunlight?, Answer: Water droplets will form inside the bag due to the transpiration process from the leaves., 30. What are the two processes that occur when water particles lose thermal energy?, Answer: The two processes are condensation and freezing..

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