What does an architectural model focus on?, CPU speed, Component organization, Failure types, Memory size, In a client-server model, who provides services?, Client, Server, Both equally, Network, What is synchronous communication?, No timing guarantees, Fixed time bounds, No communication, Random delays, Why are distributed systems more complex than centralized systems?, Less hardware, No failures, Independent components + communication, Simpler design, What is heterogeneity in distributed systems?, Same hardware everywhere, Only software differences, Different components and platforms, Only network differences, What does scalability refer to?, System security, Ability to handle growth, Data encryption, Memory allocation, Which of the following is NOT a type of transparency?, Access, Compilation, Location, Replication, What is the main goal of transparency?, Increase system cost, Improve hardware, Hide distribution from users, Reduce computation, What is a decentralized system?, Controlled by one node, No communication, No central authority, Single database, Which model assumes no time bounds on message delivery?, Synchronous, Hybrid, Asynchronous, Physical, Why are Byzantine failures difficult?, Easy to detect, Predictable, Arbitrary and inconsistent behavior, No impact, What is a key advantage of peer-to-peer systems?, Central control, High scalability, Simplicity, No communication, What is the role of the interaction model?, Defines UI, Defines communication assumptions, Defines hardware, Defines database, What is a hybrid architecture?, Only P2P, Only client-server, Combination of multiple models, No architecture, What is a system model?, Hardware device, Simplified representation of a system, Programming language, Database schema, What is the primary purpose of middleware?, Replace hardware, Hide distribution and complexity, Increase network delay, Eliminate servers, Middleware sits between:, CPU and memory, Application and operating system, User and keyboard, Network and hardware, Which of the following is a key function of middleware?, CPU scheduling, Communication management, Disk formatting, Power supply, Which is an example of middleware technology?, HTTP server, Remote Procedure Call (RPC), CPU cache, RAM, Middleware enables distributed systems to appear as:, Multiple independent systems, A single coherent system, Hardware clusters only, Isolated nodes, A system integrates Windows and Linux services seamlessly. Middleware is handling:, Power management, Heterogeneity, CPU usage, Storage, Which statement is TRUE about middleware?, It eliminates all failures, It simplifies distributed programming, It replaces operating systems, It removes networks, Middleware improves interoperability by:, Forcing same hardware, Removing networks, Providing standard interfaces, Using one OS only, Why do microservices architectures rely heavily on middleware?, To eliminate communication, To manage inter-service communication and coordination, To reduce number of services, To avoid APIs, Which is NOT a core characteristic of distributed systems?, Resource sharing, Concurrency, Centralized control, Scalability, Which is a scalability challenge in distributed systems?, Lack of UI, Network latency, CPU overheating, Keyboard input, Concurrency in distributed systems means:, Single process execution, Multiple processes executing simultaneously, No communication, Sequential processing, Which problem arises due to concurrency?, Deadlocks and race conditions, Hardware failure, Power loss, Screen flickering, Coordination among distributed processes is difficult because of:, Single CPU, Lack of clocks and shared memory, Small memory, Fast networks, Which is the MOST fundamental assumption in distributed systems?, Nodes never fail, Communication is unreliable, Memory is shared, Time is synchronized.

Mini test 01_Distributed Systems

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