What is population distribution?, It refers to where people live and how they are spread across an area, The total number of people living in geographical area, What case study is the best for population distribution?, China (population concentrated in east) and South Africa (population concentrated in urban areas), Monaco (high population density, tiny city state), How natural increase is calculated?, Dividing crude death rate from crude birth rate expressed as number of people, Substracting crude death rate from crude birth rate expressed as percentage, What is birth rate?, Total number of live births per 1,000 people in a population over a specific period, Average number of children per mother, Why are age/sex pyramids important?, Because they show the age and gender structure of a population, allowing to understand current demographics and predict future population trends such as growth, aging, and dependency ratios, Because they show the exact number of people who migrate in and out of a country each year., Explain TFR, Total family rate, how many families are created each year in given country based on women childbearing age, Total fertility rate, average number of births per thousand women of childbearing age, By what TFR (total fertility rate) affected by?, The status of women, how many children had women's mother, The status of women, level of education and material ambition, religion and economic prosperity, Health of mother and father, how many times they travel , The status of women and environment in which women live, What is life expectancy?, Total number of years that a person can be expected to live , Average number of years that a person can be expected to live, What can be measured by dependency ratio?, Working population and dependent population measured by established formula, Population aged <16 and dependent population, Which case studies are useful in ageing population?, Nigeria and India, Japan and Germany, What is a megacity?, A megacity is a city with a population of 10 million or more people for example Tokyo, Japan, A megacity is any large city with a population of over 1 million people for example Warsaw, Poland, Refugees..., Reside outside his or her country of nationality, Are within the territory of their own country, Examples of forced migration are, conflict-induced displacement, development-induced displacement and disaster-induced displacement, Climate-induced displacement and family -induced displacement, Climate- induced displacement and asylum seeker-induced displacement, Development- induced displacement and climate-induced displacement, What is older dependency ratio (ODR)?, Indicator of lack of balance between older population and working-age people they must support, Indicator of balance between working age people and older population they must support, Define pro-natalist policy and give an example, Government policy designed to encourage people to have more children in order to increase the birth rate for example in France,  Government policy encouraging people to migrate to other countries for example in Syria, Opposition of pro-natalist policy is..., anti-natalist policy, immigration policy, forced migration policy, demographic policy, Why are anti-trafficking policies crucial?, Because they increase population growth by encouraging more people to migrate legally., Because they help prevent human exploitation and protect vulnerable people by reducing illegal human trafficking, ensuring law enforcement, and supporting victims, Populations at risk of trafficking are, Refugees, LGBTI people, people who don't believe in God, People with disabilities, former traffickers and abandoned families, Refugees and migrants, stateless people, disabled people and religious minorities, Define demographic dividend, Bulge in number of adults in a population when fertility rates decline allowing faster economic growth , Bulge in number of adults in a population when fertility rates increase causing slow economic growth , Why demographic dividend can be beneficial?, It leads to higher birth rates and reduced economic productivity, Can lead to economic growth and can reduce dependency ratio, What is death rate?, Average age in which people die in given population, Number of deaths per 1,000 people per year, Trends in family size , Family size increasing over time due to economic growth and development of cities, Family size decreasing over time due to urbanisation, access to contraceptions and increased education, LICs are, Countries with lasting income levels as following families has the same amount of money for example Germany, Low income countries (per capita of less than $1,025) with limited industrialisation, lower life expectancy, and lower levels of development , HICs are, High income countries (per capita over $12,735 in 2014), advanced economies, high life expectancy, and high standards of living, Historic income countries with respect to traditions and culture, Explain core-periphery model, It describes how all regions within a country develop at the same rate and have equal access to resources and economic opportunities., It describes how economic activity and wealth are unevenly distributed, with core regions being wealthy, developed, and industrialized, while peripheral regions are less developed, have fewer resources, and often depend on the core for investment, jobs, and technology, Overpopulation occurs when, Country has small land area , Population exceeds available resources, Rural-to-urban migration occurs when, People move from rural areas to urban areas to protect themselves from natural disasters, People move from rural areas to urban areas to search for better employment opportunities, healthcare and education, Opposite to overpopulation is, Underpopulation, Carrying capacity, Overconsumption, Base case study for mega city growth is, Paris (controlled and planned growth of infrastructure), Mumbai (slums, overcrowding and infrastructure pressure), What is sex ratio?, Number of males per 100 females in a population., The total number of women and men living in a country., Where are more females than males?, In all developing countries, males always outnumber females., In many high-income countries (e.g. countries in Europe), where women tend to live longer than men., Who lives longer on average, males or females and why?, Females generally live longer than males due to biological, behavioural, and social factors, Males always live longer than females in all countries, Pull factors are , Conditions that attract people to move to a place, such as better job opportunities, higher wages, improved healthcare, Conditions that force people to leave a place, such as war, poverty, and natural disasters., Population projections are, Predictions about future population based on trends in job opportunities and economic growth  , Predictions about future population based on trends in fertility, mortality and migration, Choose correct statement, 75% of population live within 1,000 km of the sea, 60% of population live within 100 km of the sea, Most favoured locations for population are, Hot climates, near to attractions and shops, fertile valleys, not too extreme climate, places with good communications, Mountainous terrain with low temperatures , Net migration is, Total population of a country, Immigration minus emigration, Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is , Model showing population change through stages of development, A model showing migration patterns only.

UNIT 1 CHANGING POPULATION

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