Which option correctly distinguishes a phonetic from a phonological description of vowels?, Phonetic: vowel contrast; Phonological: vowel height, Phonetic: vowel duration; Phonological: syllable structure, Phonetic: syllable structure; Phonological: airflow, Phonetic: phoneme inventory; Phonological: articulation, Which level of the speech chain is MOST directly involved when a listener interprets meaning?, Acoustic level, Physiological level, Linguistic level, Articulatory level, What is the best description of the pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism?, Air is pushed into the lungs to create speech, Air originates from the lungs and circulates within the oral cavity, Air flows outward from the lungs and is shaped by the vocal tract, Air originates in the nasal cavity, Which sequence correctly represents the path of airflow in speech production?, Larynx → pharynx → mouth → nose, Lungs → larynx→ trachea→ mouth, Trachea → pharynx→ larynx→ vocal tract, Lungs → trachea → larynx → vocal tract, Why is the larynx essential in phonation?, It shapes vowel quality, It controls airflow direction, It houses the vocal folds responsible for voicing, It produces nasal resonance, At what stage does the distinction between oral and nasal sounds occur in speech production?, Before airflow leaves the lungs, At the level of the vocal folds, Before articulation, at the point where the velum directs airflow into oral or nasal cavities, After articulation is completed, in the vocal track, Which articulators are involved in the production of a velar consonant?, Lower lip + upper teeth, Back of the tongue + velum, Tongue tip + soft palate, Body of the tongue + palate, What is the main difference between obstruents and sonorants?, Obstruents are always voiced, Obstruents are always voiceless, Sonorants cannot function as syllable peaks, Sonorants involve less obstruction of airflow, Which condition produces voiced sounds?, Vocal folds are wide apart, The velum is lowered, Vocal folds vibrate as air passes through, Airflow is completely blocked, Which condition produces nasal sounds?, Vocal folds are wide apart, The velum is raised, Airflow is completely blocked , The velum is lowered , Which statement best describes double articulation?, A consonant produced in two syllables, A consonant involving both voicing and speech organs, A consonant produced with a primary articulation and a weaker secondary movement, A consonant produced with two simultaneous primary articulations of equal status, Which of the following is an example of a secondary articulation?, Labialisation: the lips form the main place of articulation, replacing the original consonant articulation, Dentalisation: the tongue creates complete closure against the hard palate, Palatalisation: airflow is redirected through the nasal cavity due to lowering of the velum, Palatalisation: the tongue is raised toward the hard palate during the articulation of a consonant, without replacing its primary place of articulation, What is TRUE about vowel production?, Airflow is completely blocked, There is no significant obstruction in the vocal tract, The velum must always be lowered, Vowels are always voiceless, Which description best explains what determines whether a diphthong is classified as closing?, The diphthong begins with a high vowel, The glide moves toward a higher vowel position, The diphthong ends in a central vowel, The glide moves toward an open vowel, Which description best explains what determines whether a diphthong is classified as wide?, The diphthong begins with an open vowel, The glide moves toward a higher vowel, The glide involves a short movement between two vowel positions, The glide involves a large movement between two vowel positions, Which statement about long vowels is incorrect?, They can occur in closed syllables with a coda, They are free vowels, They only occur in open syllables without a coda, They appear both in stressed and unstressed syllables, Which statement about checked vowels is correct?, They can occur freely without a following consonant, They are also long vowels, They only appear in stressed syllables, They require a consonant in the same syllable, Which statement best reflects the relationship between tense/lax vowels and duration?, Tense vowels tend to be short, while lax vowels tend to be long, Lax vowels cannot occur as strong vowels because they are inherently short, Tense vowels tend to be long, while lax vowels tend to be short, Long vowels determine whether a vowel is tense or lax in all cases, In a typical onset of a syllable, sonority should:, Decrease toward the vowel, Alternate randomly, Increase toward the vowel, Remain constant, Why can sounds like /l/ or /n/ sometimes function as syllable peaks?, They are always in stressed syllables, They can carry sufficient sonority to act as the nucleus, They have the same sonority as vowels, They occur in onset or coda positions, Why do clusters like /str/ in “street” challenge the sonority hierarchy?, Because /s/ is more sonorous than vowels, Because English does not allow consonant clusters in onset position, Because /r/ is less sonorous than plosives, Because /s/ is more sonorous than /t/.

PhonPhon Midterm

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