beginning, middle and end, What does the writer focus on in the beginning, middle and end?, Cyclical structure, This is where the beginning links to the end. The writer refers to the same image/idea at the beginning and end e.g. positive description of a park at the beginning but a negative description of a park at the end., Shift in focus, This is where the writer may focus on one thing and then change to another. E.g. a change in location., Perspectives, It refers to viewpoint. The writer could focus on one character’s viewpoint and then shift to another character’s viewpoint., Tone/mood change, This refers to the writer changing from one emotion to another e.g. happy to sad., Zooming in, It refers to the writer focusing on just one thing e.g. the description of a character., Flashback, It refers to a past event e.g. if we were watching an adult, the writer may flash back to a moment in their childhood., Exposition, Introduces the characters, setting, events and key ideas., Rising Action, A series of related events occur leading up to the key moment in the plot., Climax, Marks the turning point of the narrative. Up to this point things have gone well for the main character – now things will go rapidly downhill., Falling Action, The main conflict between the protagonist (the central character) and the antagonist (his opposite) is established., Resolution, The ending of the narrative in which the conflict is resolved..

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