beginning, middle and end - What does the writer focus on in the beginning, middle and end?, Cyclical structure - This is where the beginning links to the end. The writer refers to the same image/idea at the beginning and end e.g. positive description of a park at the beginning but a negative description of a park at the end., Shift in focus - This is where the writer may focus on one thing and then change to another. E.g. a change in location., Perspectives - It refers to viewpoint. The writer could focus on one character’s viewpoint and then shift to another character’s viewpoint., Tone/mood change - This refers to the writer changing from one emotion to another e.g. happy to sad., Zooming in - It refers to the writer focusing on just one thing e.g. the description of a character., Flashback - It refers to a past event e.g. if we were watching an adult, the writer may flash back to a moment in their childhood., Exposition - Introduces the characters, setting, events and key ideas., Rising Action - A series of related events occur leading up to the key moment in the plot., Climax - Marks the turning point of the narrative. Up to this point things have gone well for the main character – now things will go rapidly downhill., Falling Action - The main conflict between the protagonist (the central character) and the antagonist (his opposite) is established., Resolution - The ending of the narrative in which the conflict is resolved.,

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