1) Beginning in 1618 in the _________________________, the war first involved the struggle between Catholic forces, led by the Hapsburg Holy Roman emperors, and Protestant (primarily Calvinist) nobles. a) Holy Roman Empire b) The French Wars of Religion c) Crises in Europe d) Revolutions in England 2) _________________ is a system in which a ruler holds total power. a) Divine Right of Kings b) Edict of Nantes c) Puritans d) Absolutism 3) The reign of ___________________ has long been regarded as the best example of absolutism in the seventeenth century. a) Cardinal Richelieu b) Philip II c) James I d) Louis XIV 4) The greatest supporter of militant Catholicism in the second half of the sixteenth century was _____________ of Spain. a) Elizabeth Tudor b) Queen Homer c) King Philip II d) Charles I 5) By ___________, Calvinism and Catholicism had become highly militant(combative) religions. a) 1598 b) 1560 c) 1556 d) 1609 6) Parliament proved victorious, due largely to the New Model Army of ____________________, a military genius. a) Huguenots b) Oliver Cromwell c) Edict of Nantes d) Stuarts 7) ____________________ were French Protestants influenced by John Calvin. They made up only about 7 percent of the total French population. a) Stuarts b) Huguenots c) Puritans d) Cavaliers 8) During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, conflicts between ___________________and _____________in many European nations resulted in wars for religious and political control. a) Protestants and Catholics b) Huguenots and Protestants c) Witchcraft and Catholics d) Stuarts and Huguenots 9) _____________________ ascended the English throne in 1558. During her reign, the small island kingdom became the leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundations for a world empire. a) James I b) Elizabeth Tudor c) Oliver Cromwell d) Louis XIV 10) Realizing that Prussia was a small, open territory with no natural frontiers for defense, _________________ the Great Elector built a large and efficient standing army. a) Frederick William b) King Philip II c) Elizabeth Tudor d) Henry of Navarre

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