Crimes committed by ____, professionals, and politicians in the course of their occupation are known as "white-collar" crimes, after the typical ____ of their perpetrators. Criminologists tend to restrict the term to those ____ intended by the perpetrators principally to further the aims of their ____ rather than to make money for themselves personally. Examples include conspiring with other corporations ____ of goods or services in order to make artificially high profits or to drive a particular competitor ____; bribing officials or ____ of tests-on pharmaceutical products to obtain ____; and constructing buildings or roads with cheap, ____. The cost of ____ in the United States has been estimated at $ 200,000,000,000 a year. Compared with crimes committed by juveniles or the poor, corporate crimes are very rarely prosecuted in ____, and executives seldom go to ____, though companies may pay large ____. Rather than being crime "by the firm, for the firm" this constitutes crime for profit by the ____, against the organization, the public, or the government. Tax fraud, for example, costs at least 5 percent of the ____ in most developed countries.

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