Resistant rocks - these are consolidated, hard rocks like old limestone. These erode very slowly. , Less resistant rocks - these are unconsolidated, softer rocks that rapidly erode like shale. , Hydraulic Action - Erosion caused when water and air are forced into gaps in rock and soils. , Non-porous/Impermeable  - water is unable to penetrate the rock and water runs across the surface. , Notch - a dent in the cliff usually at the level of high tide., Abrasion - Erosion, or wearing away, of the landscape caused by friction. The sea throws pebbles at cliff faces., Porous/Permeable - A rock that has minute spaces or holes through which liquid or air may pass., Attrition - Rocks smash against each other making them smaller and rounder.  Makes sand. , Corrosion - The wearing away of the landscape by chemical processes like solution- limestone/chalk. , Freeze-thaw weathering - water freezes in porous holes in rock and expand causing the rock to crack. , Biological weathering - Roots burrow into the rock, weakening the structure of the rock until it breaks away., Chemical weathering - Rainwater and sea water can act as weak acids. If a coastline is made up of rocks such as limestone or chalk, over time they can become dissolved by the acid in the water., Mass movement - the downhill movement of sediment that moves because of gravity., Landslide - Large blocks of rock become detached and slide downhill., Solution - when minerals in rocks like chalk and limestone are dissolved in sea water and then carried in solution. The load is not visible., Suspension - small particles such as silts and clays are suspended in the flow of the water., Saltation - where small pieces of shingle or large sand grains are bounced along the sea bed., Traction - where pebbles and larger material are rolled along the sea bed., Constructive waves - a strong swash and weak backwash and lower frequency/height-  builds beaches. , Destructive waves - the strong backwash removes sediment from the beach, higher frequency/height. ,

Coastal Processes Key Terms

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