Generates Transcript to genomic alignments that include detailed information about exon-intron boundaries, other term for splign, annotates multiple protein sequence alignment by consensus to produce formatted and colored text., simple DNA sequencing projects which do not require assembly of multiple sequence, software used only sic features derived from the genomic features of enhancer and gene expression datasets., manage biological sequences efficiently using programing language, It is excellent at quickly align thousand of input sequences while maintaining high accuracy, a technique to first determine the basic matching representing the "exon cores", process of subjecting a protein or peptide sequence to one of a wide range of analytical method to study, used to identify the amino acid sequence and its comformation, online molecular server that is dedicated to the analysis of protein and nucleic acid sequence, web-based tool for predicting protein-coding regions in bacterial DNA, a tool for exploring the topology and the other features of membrane proteins by means of hydropathy plot, incorporates principle of membrane protein, MPex to analyze transmembrane protein, MPex to do screening analysis, the zone with a certain width around a geometric geographic feature, calculating the hydropathy of peptides based on the Wimley-White scales, allows you to compute and represent the profile produced by any amino acid, a protein domain family database constructed automatically by clustering homologous segments, a collection of Javascript programs of generating, formatting, and analyzing short DNA protein sequnecs, converting from one format to another format, analyzing the sequences by pairwise alignment, translating, finding patterns, grouping protein, coloring the sequences, mutating the sequence, references of IUPAC codes, and genetic codes, organization that maintains the archive of macromolecular structure, Supports browsing in multiple languages such as Japanese, Chinese, and Korean; SeSAW identifies functionally or evolutionarily conserved motifs by locating and annotating sequence and structural similarities, tools for bioinformaticians, and more., Rich information about all PDB entries, multiple search and browse facilities, advanced services including PDBePISA, PDBeFold and PDBeMotif, advanced visualization and validation of NMR and EM structures, tools for bioinformaticians., Simple and advanced searching for macromolecules and ligands, tabular reports, specialized visualization tools, sequence-structure comparisons, Molecule of the month and other educational resources at PDB-101, and more, Collects NMR data from any experiment and captures assigned chemical shifts, coupling constants, and peak lists for a variety of macromolecules; contains derived annotations such as hydrogen exchange rates, pKa values, and relaxation parameters., Collects 3D volumes & associated information of macromolecular complexes & subcellular structures from electron cryo microscopy and electron cryo tomography; develops resources for searching, data mining, analyzing, validating and visualizing data., an internet service for sequence analysis and the prediction of protein structure and function. It is a one-stop online resource for protein sequence analysis with its main site hosted at Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), to find the evolutionary relationships between organisms and analyze the changes occurring in these organisms during evolution, character-based method which infers a phylogenetic tree by minimizing the total number of evolutionary steps or total tree length for a given set of data, calculated for all operational taxonomic units and build tree where distance between the operational taxonomic units match these distances, model of sequence evolution which finds the tree and gives highest likelihood of the observed data, Estimates the phylogeny using parsimony method from nucleic acid sequence., It is an interactive process used for construction of phylogeny from nucleic acid sequences using parsimony method., Estimates the parsimonious phylogeny for nucleic acid sequences which uses branch and bound theory., States the phylogeny of nucleic acids and searches for the largest sites which have uniquely evolved on the same tree., Computes the nucleic acid sequence which tests the alternative tree topologies., Estimates the phylogenies from nucleotide sequences by maximum likelihood method without assuming molecular clock., It estimates the phylogeny using maximum likelihood method, it assumes the molecular clock, Calculates the pairwise distances between the sequences., Estimates the phylogenies from protein sequences which use parsimony method., It measures the distances of protein sequences using maximum likelihood method., Estimates phylogeny from amino acid sequences by using maximum likelihood methods., This estimates the phylogeny from amino acid sequence by using maximum likelihood method., Reads a dataset, and produces multiple datasets by bootstrap resampling., - Computes consensus trees by the consensus tree method, which can allow one to easily find the consensus tree., Estimates the phylogeny using maximum likelihood method with restriction sites data., It estimates the phylogeny and calculates the distance from the restriction site data and restriction fragment data., Estimates phylogenies from distance matrix data under “additive tree model”., Estimates phylogenies from distance matrix data under “Ultrametric model” same as the additive tree model except the evolutionary clock is measured., Neighbor joining is a distance matrix method which will produce an unrooted tree without the assumption of an evolutionary clock., It estimates the rooted phylogeny, cladograms, circular trees in a wide variety., It estimates the unrooted phylogeny similar to Drawgram., It estimates the branch lengths, by making use of branch lengths allows for difference in tree topology., includes hardware, software and curriculum materials that students use in laboratories to record data from their own bodies, animals, and tissue preparation., determines heart activity by measuring signals from electrodes placed on the torso, arms and legs, - is computer software for conducting statistical analysis of molecular evolution and for constructing phylogenetic trees, Enabled and visual results explorer are available for tasks such as editing sequence alignments and viewing phylogenies, Used solely for generating MEGA Analysis Option (.mao) files that specify analysis settings when using MEGA from a command shell, - It is a branch of medicine concerned with the use of radiant energy (such as x-rays) or radioactive materials in the diagnosis and treatment of disease., It is the full set of hereditary instructions for constructing, functioning, and sustaining an organism., The physical and functional unit of heredity. It comprises of a specific nucleotide sequence at a specific location on a chromosome that codes for a certain protein (or, in some cases, an RNA molecule)., DNA is a polymeric nucleic acid macromolecule composed of three types of units:, (Coding region) Coding part of a gene which are joined after splicing and constructs the final transcript., (Noncoding regions) Intervening non-coding sequences removed from the final transcript., "The activating sequences" Enhancer elements function only in certain cell types. That leads to increased levels of transcription., -"Act to inhibit gene transcription" Silencer elements acts by binding regulatory factors which then act to reduce the rate of transcription., "Multiple regulatory elements" Groups of transcription regulatory elements that regulate clusters of genes involved in cellular differentiation and development., Are cis-regulatory sequences, thousands of base pairs away from a gene., Is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site., Is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter., The nucleotide sequence that determines the detachment of RNA polymerase from the DNA template strand, which occurs towards the end of the transcription process., Are clusters of genes that share the same promoter and are transcribed as a single large mRNA that contains multiple structural genes or cistrons., Controlled by the rho protein., Controlled by specific sequences in the DNA template strand, - Open reading frame is distributed by the presence of introns., -Introns interrupt the open reading frame, -Individual promoters regulated the genes., -Introns do not interrupt the open reading frame., -Mainly comprises of operon- based gene cluster., - Functionally related gene occurs in operons., Constantly express themselves as they are needed to carry out basic cellular functions that occur continuously, - They are switched on or off according to the requirement of cellular activities., They are protein-coding genes which means they code only for proteins not for any type of RNA or any other product., Have homology to functional genes but are unable to produce functional products due to intervening nonsense codons, insertions, deletions and inactivation of promoter regions., Segments of DNA that can jump or move from one place in the genome to another., DNA fragments that can code for more than one product or polypeptide by using different reading frames., changes in the DNA sequence of a cell’s genome, 3 Types of Mutations, Single base substitutions are called point mutations, are the most common type of mutation and there are two types., the substituted base pair still results in the overall codon it lies within to code for the same amino acid, due to the degeneracy of the genetic code. , one nucleotide is replaced by another, resulting in a change in the amino acid formed., new amino is totally different from the original amino acid in term of shape and functions. , New amino acid have similar functions and shape as the original as the original amino acid..

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