printing - Utilized during Song Dynasty mainly for agricultural purposes, Hagia Sophia - Byzantine church of Divine Wisdom. Largest dome structure in the world and center of Christendom, cannon / firearms - Late 14th century with larger cannons breeching castle walls in the mid-15th century, stern-mounted rudder - Chinese invention utilized for greater steering direction from the rear of the ship, Caravel - Portuguese ship from 15th century that could handle oceanic travels during the European Age of Exploration, chiampas - Aztec agricultural method utilizing floating gardens that could produce multiple crops per year, llama - The only beast of burden in the Americans in the Andes Mountains utilized by Inca for light loads, mummification - Inca practice of preserving loved ones (and kings) for their 'advice' during times of troubles, Yongle Encyclopedia - Early 15th century preservation of ancient Chinese scripts commissioned by the Ming Emperor Yongle, volta do mar - Portuguese navigational technique utilizing knowledge of wind patterns and ocean currents in late 15th century, audencias - Imperial royal courts used in Spanish America to administer justice in the colonies, enjenho - Portuguese term (engine) for a sugar cane mill in the Caribbean and Brazil, Qizilbash - Safavid fighters who were most loyal to the shah (ruler) denoted by the red turbans that they wore, Isfahan - Capital city of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas and known for it Islamic mosque architecture, flying shuttle / spinning Jenny - Early advancements in textile production during the European Industrial Revolution, Bessemer Process - First inexpensive industrial process that allowed for the mass production of steel (1856), factory system - Industrial Revolution method of manufacturing using machines and division of labor into repetitive tasks, interchangeable parts - Invented by Eli Whitney around 1898 with production of machine-made, identical replacement parts, vaccinations - From the Chinese variolation, developed in late 18th century like Edward Jenner's to prevent smallpox, worker's rights - A reaction to Industrial Revolution abuses with establishment of unions during most of the 19th century for pay, safety, and hours, Communist Manifesto - Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848 calling for the overthrow of capitalism by the industrial workers, Suez Canal - 1869 waterway connecting Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea (Indian Ocean) reducing sailing travel time around Africa, breech-loading firearms - Mass produced in the 19th century that allowed for quicker loading with multiple rounds and rapid fire, incandescent light bulb - Invented by Thomas Edison group in 1880s that allowed night shifts in industrial production, airplanes - Early 20th century invention credited to Wright Bros. and first used in combat in World War I as reconnaissance and dogfights, barbed wire - 19th century invention that became militarily useful during World War I leading to trench warfare, mustard / chlorine gas - Invented by German chemists and utilized as a weapon during World War I in 1915, paper money - Sony Dynasty used paper money after copper shortage and continued through the Yuan Dynasty, equestrian skills and bow shooting - Developed by Central Asian nomadic clans Mongols and Turks especially beginning in the early 13th century, horse collar - 12th century European invention that allowed for increased agricultural production versus previous use of oxen,

Technologies # 2 - 2023 (New)

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