to show that one action occured immediately after the other - Closing the door quietly behind her, she tiptoed down the stairs., to stress that the first action has finished before the second begins - Having read the letter, he tore it up and threw it into the bin., to show that one action occured at the same time as another - We sat there for ages waiting to be served., to describe the cause - Having had a particularly stressful day at work, she was in no mood for temperamental children., to describe the result - The building collapsed, sending up a cloud of dust., in place of "if" in conditional sentences - Left on her own in the kitchen, my wife wouldn't know where to beging., after the object of verbs of perception (see, hear, watch, notice, feel) - Galina heard someone shouting at her., after conjunctions (with, once, if, after, while, when) - Once signed in, Facebook is simple to use.,

Participle clauses (Straightforward Unit 7A)

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